ka- -nan

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Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an (compare Malay ke- -an).

Circumfix

ka- -nan (Baybayin spelling ᜃ ᜈᜈ᜔)

  1. alternative form of ka- -an
    pakana (scheme) + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kapakanan (sake)
    sala (fault) + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kasalanan (sin)
    bihasa (accustomed) + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kabihasnan (civilization)
    kaya (competence) + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kakayanan (ability)

Usage notes

  • Normally, /h/ is inserted before -an when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
    sala + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kasalanan
  • Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
    pakana + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kapakanan
    bihasa + ‎ka- -nan → ‎kabihasnan

Derived terms