pakana

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Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Old East Slavic поганъ (poganŭ), from Latin pāgānus.

Pronunciation

Noun

pakana

  1. pagan; heathen; gentile

Declension

Inflection of pakana (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative pakana pakanat
genitive pakanan pakanoiden
pakanoitten
partitive pakanaa pakanoita
illative pakanaan pakanoihin
singular plural
nominative pakana pakanat
accusative nom. pakana pakanat
gen. pakanan
genitive pakanan pakanoiden
pakanoitten
pakanain rare
partitive pakanaa pakanoita
inessive pakanassa pakanoissa
elative pakanasta pakanoista
illative pakanaan pakanoihin
adessive pakanalla pakanoilla
ablative pakanalta pakanoilta
allative pakanalle pakanoille
essive pakanana pakanoina
translative pakanaksi pakanoiksi
abessive pakanatta pakanoitta
instructive — pakanoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of pakana (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pakanani pakanani
accusative nom. pakanani pakanani
gen. pakanani
genitive pakanani pakanoideni
pakanoitteni
pakanaini rare
partitive pakanaani pakanoitani
inessive pakanassani pakanoissani
elative pakanastani pakanoistani
illative pakanaani pakanoihini
adessive pakanallani pakanoillani
ablative pakanaltani pakanoiltani
allative pakanalleni pakanoilleni
essive pakananani pakanoinani
translative pakanakseni pakanoikseni
abessive pakanattani pakanoittani
instructive — —
comitative — pakanoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pakanasi pakanasi
accusative nom. pakanasi pakanasi
gen. pakanasi
genitive pakanasi pakanoidesi
pakanoittesi
pakanaisi rare
partitive pakanaasi pakanoitasi
inessive pakanassasi pakanoissasi
elative pakanastasi pakanoistasi
illative pakanaasi pakanoihisi
adessive pakanallasi pakanoillasi
ablative pakanaltasi pakanoiltasi
allative pakanallesi pakanoillesi
essive pakananasi pakanoinasi
translative pakanaksesi pakanoiksesi
abessive pakanattasi pakanoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — pakanoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pakanamme pakanamme
accusative nom. pakanamme pakanamme
gen. pakanamme
genitive pakanamme pakanoidemme
pakanoittemme
pakanaimme rare
partitive pakanaamme pakanoitamme
inessive pakanassamme pakanoissamme
elative pakanastamme pakanoistamme
illative pakanaamme pakanoihimme
adessive pakanallamme pakanoillamme
ablative pakanaltamme pakanoiltamme
allative pakanallemme pakanoillemme
essive pakananamme pakanoinamme
translative pakanaksemme pakanoiksemme
abessive pakanattamme pakanoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — pakanoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pakananne pakananne
accusative nom. pakananne pakananne
gen. pakananne
genitive pakananne pakanoidenne
pakanoittenne
pakanainne rare
partitive pakanaanne pakanoitanne
inessive pakanassanne pakanoissanne
elative pakanastanne pakanoistanne
illative pakanaanne pakanoihinne
adessive pakanallanne pakanoillanne
ablative pakanaltanne pakanoiltanne
allative pakanallenne pakanoillenne
essive pakanananne pakanoinanne
translative pakanaksenne pakanoiksenne
abessive pakanattanne pakanoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — pakanoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative pakanansa pakanansa
accusative nom. pakanansa pakanansa
gen. pakanansa
genitive pakanansa pakanoidensa
pakanoittensa
pakanainsa rare
partitive pakanaansa pakanoitaan
pakanoitansa
inessive pakanassaan
pakanassansa 		pakanoissaan
pakanoissansa
elative pakanastaan
pakanastansa 		pakanoistaan
pakanoistansa
illative pakanaansa pakanoihinsa
adessive pakanallaan
pakanallansa 		pakanoillaan
pakanoillansa
ablative pakanaltaan
pakanaltansa 		pakanoiltaan
pakanoiltansa
allative pakanalleen
pakanallensa 		pakanoilleen
pakanoillensa
essive pakananaan
pakananansa 		pakanoinaan
pakanoinansa
translative pakanakseen
pakanaksensa 		pakanoikseen
pakanoiksensa
abessive pakanattaan
pakanattansa 		pakanoittaan
pakanoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — pakanoineen
pakanoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old East Slavic поганъ (poganŭ). Cognates include Finnish pakana and Estonian pagan.

Pronunciation

Noun

pakana

  1. heathen
  2. abomination (disgusting food)

Adjective

pakana (comparative pakanamp)

  1. evil
  2. heathen

Declension

Declension of pakana (type 3/kana, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative pakana pakanat
genitive pakanan pakanoin
partitive pakanaa pakanoja
illative pakanaa pakanoihe
inessive pakanaas pakanois
elative pakanast pakanoist
allative pakanalle pakanoille
adessive pakanaal pakanoil
ablative pakanalt pakanoilt
translative pakanaks pakanoiks
essive pakananna, pakanaan pakanoinna, pakanoin
exessive1) pakanant pakanoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “пагана”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 675
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 377

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu .

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-pakana (infinitive kupakana)

  1. to border, to share a border

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pakana
Positive present -napakana
Subjunctive -pakane
Negative -pakani
Imperative singular pakana
Infinitives
Positive kupakana
Negative kutopakana
Imperatives
Singular pakana
Plural pakaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupakana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipakana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupakana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napakana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapakana/napakana tunapakana
2nd person unapakana mnapakana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapakana wanapakana
other classes positive subject concord + -napakana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pakani)
Singular Plural
1st person sipakani hatupakani
2nd person hupakani hampakani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapakani hawapakani
other classes negative subject concord + -pakani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapakana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapakana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pakane)
Singular Plural
1st person nipakane tupakane
2nd person upakane mpakane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apakane wapakane
other classes positive subject concord + -pakane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipakane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepakana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepakana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipakana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipakana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apakana)
Singular Plural
1st person napakana twapakana
2nd person wapakana mwapakana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apakana wapakana
m-mi(III/IV) wapakana yapakana
ji-ma(V/VI) lapakana yapakana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapakana vyapakana
n(IX/X) yapakana zapakana
u(XI) wapakana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapakana
pa(XVI) papakana
mu(XVIII) mwapakana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepakana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapakana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japakana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipakana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopakana
Consecutive kapakana / positive subject concord + -kapakana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapakane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipakana -tupakana
2nd person -kupakana -wapakana/-kupakaneni/-wapakaneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpakana -wapakana
m-mi(III/IV) -upakana -ipakana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipakana -yapakana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipakana -vipakana
n(IX/X) -ipakana -zipakana
u(XI) -upakana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupakana
pa(XVI) -papakana
mu(XVIII) -mupakana
Reflexive -jipakana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pakana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -pakanaye -pakanao
m-mi(III/IV) -pakanao -pakanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -pakanalo -pakanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pakanacho -pakanavyo
n(IX/X) -pakanayo -pakanazo
u(XI) -pakanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pakanako
pa(XVI) -pakanapo
mu(XVIII) -pakanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pakana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepakana -opakana
m-mi(III/IV) -opakana -yopakana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopakana -yopakana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopakana -vyopakana
n(IX/X) -yopakana -zopakana
u(XI) -opakana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopakana
pa(XVI) -popakana
mu(XVIII) -mopakana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Tagalog

Etymology

From pa- +‎ kana.

Pronunciation

Noun

pakanâ (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃᜈ)

  1. advantage; benefit
    Synonym: pakinabang
  2. determination
  3. goal; objective
    Synonym: layunin
  4. plot; evil scheme; conspiracy; stratagem
    Synonyms: masamang balak, kutsabahan
  5. (by extension) idea; invention
    Synonym: kaisipan
  6. intention to deceive
    Synonyms: daya, loko

Derived terms

Anagrams

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