si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)
Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.
class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
si-
si-
si-
This is an alternative form of shi- which comes about in some words as a result of coronal harmony. See, for example, sikʼis, sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-person shi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.
singular | dual | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | shi- | nihi- | danihi- | ||
2nd person | ni- | nihi- | danihi- | ||
3rd person | bi- | ||||
4th person (3o) | yi- | ||||
4th person (3a) | ha-, hw- | ||||
indefinite person (3i) | a- |
si-
With the ∅- classifier:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | sé- | siid- | dasii- |
2nd person | síní- | soo- | dasoo- |
3rd person | z- | daaz- | |
4th person | jiz- | dajiz- |
With the ł- classifier:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | sé- | siid- | dasii- |
2nd person | síní- | soo- | dasoo- |
3rd person | s- | daas- | |
4th person | jis- | dajis- |
With the ∅- classifier and coronal harmony:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shé- | shiid- | dashii- |
2nd person | shíní- | shoo- | dashoo- |
3rd person | zh- | daazh- | |
4th person | jizh- | dajizh- |
With the ł- classifier and coronal harmony:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shé- | shiid- | dashii- |
2nd person | shíní- | shoo- | dashoo- |
3rd person | sh- | daash- | |
4th person | jish- | dajish- |
With the l- and d- classifiers:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | sis- | siid- | dasii- |
2nd person | síní- | sooh- | dasoo- |
3rd person | s- | daas- | |
4th person | jis- | dajis- |
With the l- and d- classifiers and coronal harmony:
perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shish- | shiid- | dashii- |
2nd person | shíní- | shooh- | dashoo- |
3rd person | sh- | daash- | |
4th person | jish- | dajish- |
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
si-
Compare Old Javanese asi- (“emphatic particle”)
si- (Sundanese script ᮞᮤ-)
si-
person | independent | subject concord | object concord |
combined forms | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | na | ndi- | si- | |||||
singular | first | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako | |
third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake | |
plural | first | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu | |
third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao | |
reflexive | — | — | -ji- | — | — | ||||
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
si-
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | simi, siye | sio | |
2nd person | siwe, siye | sinyi, sio | |
3rd person |
m-wa(I/II) | siye | sio |
m-mi(III/IV) | sio | siyo | |
ji-ma(V/VI) | silo | siyo | |
ki-vi(VII/VIII) | sicho | sivyo | |
n(IX/X) | siyo | sizo | |
u(XI) | sio | see n(X) or ma(VI) | |
ku(XV/XVII) | siko | ||
pa(XVI) | sipo | ||
mu(XVIII) | simo |
For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
si-
si-
si-
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.
sí-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.
si-
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
sí-