pûer

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Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pʷer (“ancient”), from Proto-Tupian *pʷet (“ancient”).^[1]

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -re and Paraguayan Guaraní -kue.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Rhymes: -ɛɾ
Hyphenation: pûer

Adjective

pûer (noun form pûera)

old; ancient (having existed for a long period of time)
ybyrapûera ― old tree
- 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 104:
  Aroŷrõ xe rekopûera.
  I hate my old law.
ex; former; then (previously but no longer)
obsolete
extinct
finished

Declension

Declension of pûer (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deadjectivals
Causative	momûer
-ba'e	i pûeryba'e
-sab(a)	pûesaba / pûeraba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe pûer	nde pûer	i pûer	oré pûer	îandé pûer	pe pûer
Imperative		nde pûer				pe pûer
Permissive	ta xe pûer	ta nde pûer	t'i pûer	t'oré pûer	t'îandé pûer	ta pe pûer
Negative indicative	na xe pûeri	na nde pûeri	n'i pûeri	n'oré pûeri	n'îandé pûeri	na pe pûeri
Negative imperative		nde pûer umẽ				pe pûer umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe pûer umẽ	ta nde pûer umẽ	t'i pûer umẽ	t'oré pûer umẽ	t'îandé pûer umẽ	ta pe pûer umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe pûeramo	nde pûeramo	o pûeramo	oré pûeramo	îandé pûeramo	pe pûeramo
Negative	xe pûere'ymamo	nde pûere'ymamo	o pûere'ymamo	oré pûere'ymamo	îandé pûere'ymamo	pe pûere'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	pûera
Negative	pûere'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund¹
Affirmative	xe pûeri²		i pûeri²	oré pûeri²	îandé pûeri²
Negative	same as gerund¹
Negative	xe pûere'ymi²		i pûere'ymi²	oré pûere'ymi²	îandé pûere'ymi²
¹South Tupi ²North Tupi

Antonyms

ram

Derived terms

Descendants

Nheengatu: kwera

References

^ Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da Silva (2010) Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 411

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) chapter 8, in Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos [Modern method of Old Tupi: the language of Brazil's early centuries]‎ (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN, O tempo nominal em tupi, pages 108–110
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “pûer”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 408–409

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