rath
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English
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ɹɑːθ/
- (US) IPA(key): /ɹæθ/
- Rhymes: -ɑːθ, Rhymes: -æθ
- Homophone: wrath (some dialects)
Noun
rath (plural raths)
- (historical) A walled enclosure, especially in Ireland; a ringfort built sometime between the Iron Age and the Viking Age.
- 1907, James Woods, Annals of Westmeath, Ancient and Modern:
- There are numerous Danish raths in the parish.
- 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 1, in The Whisperer in Darkness:
- Those with Celtic legendry in their heritage—mainly the Scotch-Irish element of New Hampshire, and their kindred who had settled in Vermont on Governor Wentworth’s colonial grants—linked them vaguely with the malign fairies and “little people” of the bogs and raths, and protected themselves with scraps of incantation handed down through many generations.
Related terms
Translations
walled enclosure, ringfort
Etymology 2
From Hindi रथ (rath), from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).
Noun
rath (plural raths)
Etymology 3
Adjective
rath (comparative more rath, superlative most rath)
- Alternative form of rathe.
Anagrams
Cornish
Etymology
From Latin rattus. Cognate with Breton razh.
Pronunciation
Noun
rath f (plural rathes)
- rat
- Synonym: logojen vroas (Revived Late Cornish)
German
Verb
rath
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish rath (“grace, virtue”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸratom (“grace, virtue, good fortune”).
Pronunciation
Noun
rath m (genitive singular ratha)
Declension
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Derived terms
- anrath (“ill-luck”)
References
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “frato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 106, page 58
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “raṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 560
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rath”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- “rath”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸratom (“grace, virtue, good fortune”), from the root of *ɸarnati (“bestow”) (whence ernaid), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“bestow, give”) (whence also Sanskrit पृणाक्ति (pṛṇā́kti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).
Pronunciation
Noun
rath n (genitive raith)
- verbal noun of ernaid
- grace, virtue
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 33b8
- Ní derlaicht⟨h⟩a a pecdæ doïb acht du·ratad dígal forru. Cenotad maic-si raith dano, má im·roimsid ní dílgibther dúib.
- Their sins have not been forgiven them, but punishment has been inflicted upon them. Though you pl, then, are children of grace, if you sin, you will not be forgiven.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 33b8
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rathN | rathN | rathL, ratha |
| vocative | rathN | rathN | rathL, ratha |
| accusative | rathN | rathN | rathL, ratha |
| genitive | raithL | rath | rathN |
| dative | rathL | rathaib | rathaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| rath also rrath after a proclitic ending in a vowel |
rath pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “frato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “far-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”).
Pronunciation
Noun
rath n
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rath | rathu |
| accusative | rath | rathu |
| genitive | rathes | rathō |
| dative | rathe | rathum |
| instrumental | — | — |