εἶμι

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See also: εἰμι, εἰμί, and Έιμι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *éimi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti.

Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀍𐀳 (i-jo-te), Latin eō (“I go”), Sanskrit एति (eti, “goes”), Hittite 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /⁠iyatta⁠/, “goes”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-i-t-i-y /⁠aitiy⁠/, “goes”), Old Church Slavonic ити (iti), Old English ēode (“went”).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

εἶμῐ • (eîmi)

  1. to be going to come, go

Usage notes

Attic Greek: The present indicative (but not the other moods) has a future meaning: "I will go". The rest of the moods and tenses supply verb ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come”) with Present subjunctive, optative, and with Imperfect. (Also, see ἦλθον (êlthon)).
ᾖα etc. are old praeterita and can therefore be used with either aoristive or imperfective aspect.

Homer: This does not apply to Archaic Epos yet, as Homer uses a future tense: εἴσομαι (eísomai), εἴσῃ (eísēi), εἴσεται (eísetai), εἰσόμεθα (eisómetha), εἴεσθε (eíesthe), εἴσονται (eísontai). Homer knows an aorist as well (εἴσατο (eísato) etc.).

Inflection

   Present: εἶμι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἶμι εἶ εἶσῐ(ν) ἴτον ἴτον ἴμεν ἴτε ἴᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἴω ἴῃς ἴῃ ἴητον ἴητον ἴωμεν ἴητε ἴωσῐ(ν)
optative ἴοιμῐ ἴοις ἴοι ἴοιτον ἰοίτην ἴοιμεν ἴοιτε ἴοιεν
imperative   ἴθῐ ἴτω ἴτον ἴτων   ἴτε ἰόντων
active
infinitive ἰέναι
participle m ἰών
f ἰοῦσᾰ
n ἰόν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: εἶμι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἶμι εἶς/εἶσθα εἶσι ἴτον ἴτον ἴμεν ἴτε ἴᾱσι
subjunctive ἴω ἴῃσθα ἴῃσι ἴητον ἴητον ἴωμεν/ἴομεν ἴητε ἴωσῐ(ν)
optative ἴοιμῐ ἴοις ἴοι/ἰείη,
εἴη 		ἴοιτον ἰοίτην ἴοιμεν ἴοιτε ἴοιεν
imperative   ἴθῐ ἴτω ἴτον ἴτων   ἴτε ἰόντων
active
infinitive ἰέναι,
ἴμεναι/ἴμεν
participle m ἰών
f ἰοῦσᾰ
n ἰόν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ᾖᾰ/ᾔειν
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ᾖᾰ/ᾔειν ᾔεισθᾰ/ᾔεις ᾔειν/ᾔει ᾖτον ᾔτην ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσᾰν/ᾔεσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἤϊα (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤϊα ᾔεις ἤϊε(ν)/ᾖε,
ἴε(ν) 		ᾔτον,
ἴτον 		ᾔτην,
ἴτην 		ᾖμεν/ᾔομεν ᾖτε ἤϊσαν,
ἴσαν,
ᾖσαν,
ἤϊον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia