μόχθος

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μόγος (mógos)

Etymology

The formation is similar to ἄχθος (ákhthos), βρόχθος (brókhthos) and ὄχθος (ókhthos). According to Beekes, the variation "χθ/γ" must be Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mókʰ.tʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmokʰ.tʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmox.θos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmox.θos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmox.θos/

Noun

μόχθος • (mókhthos) m (genitive μόχθου); second declension

toil, trouble, hardship, distress, exertion
Synonym: κόπος (kópos)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ μόχθος; τοῦ μόχθου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ μόχθος ho mókhthos	τὼ μόχθω tṑ mókhthō	οἱ μόχθοι hoi mókhthoi
Genitive	τοῦ μόχθου toû mókhthou	τοῖν μόχθοιν toîn mókhthoin	τῶν μόχθων tôn mókhthōn
Dative	τῷ μόχθῳ tôi mókhthōi	τοῖν μόχθοιν toîn mókhthoin	τοῖς μόχθοις toîs mókhthois
Accusative	τὸν μόχθον tòn mókhthon	τὼ μόχθω tṑ mókhthō	τοὺς μόχθους toùs mókhthous
Vocative	μόχθε mókhthe	μόχθω mókhthō	μόχθοι mókhthoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

μοχθέω (mokhthéō)
μοχθήεις (mokhthḗeis)
μόχθημα (mókhthēma)
μοχθηρία (mokhthēría)
μοχθηρόομαι (mokhthēróomai)
μοχθηρός (mokhthērós)
μοχθητέον (mokhthētéon)
μοχθίζω (mokhthízō)
μοχθόω (mokhthóō)
μοχθώδης (mokhthṓdēs)

Descendants

Greek: μόχθος (móchthos)

Further reading

“μόχθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“μόχθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“μόχθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
μόχθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Noun

μόχθος • (móchthos) m (plural μόχθοι)

toil, drudgery, hard work, labour(UK), labor(US)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	μόχθος (móchthos)	μόχθοι (móchthoi)
genitive	μόχθου (móchthou)	μόχθων (móchthon)
accusative	μόχθο (móchtho)	μόχθους (móchthous)
vocative	μόχθε (móchthe)	μόχθοι (móchthoi)

Synonyms

κόπος m (kópos)
αγγαρεία f (angareía)

See also

δουλειά f (douleiá, “work”)
δουλεία f (douleía, “slavery”)

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