πατήρ

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Πατήρ (Patḗr)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr

Proto-Hellenic *patḗr

Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr)

From Proto-Hellenic *patḗr (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀳 (pa-te)), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. Cognates include Old English fæder (English father), Phrygian πατερης (paterēs), Latin pater, Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ), and Old Armenian հայր (hayr).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pa.tɛ̌ːr/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paˈte̝r/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paˈtir/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paˈtir/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paˈtir/

Noun

πᾰτήρ • (patḗr) m (genitive πᾰτρός or πᾰτέρος); third declension

father
Synonyms: νόννος (nónnos), φύτωρ (phútōr)
1. epithet of Zeus
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.544:
    Τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·
    Tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te;
    Then the father of men and gods answered her:
2. respectful address of an older man
3. (figurative) author
4. (in the plural) forefathers, ancestors
(Christianity) God the Father; (one of the three Persons of the Trinity)

Declension

Third declension of ὁ πᾰτήρ; τοῦ πᾰτρός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πᾰτήρ ho patḗr	τὼ πᾰτέρε tṑ patére	οἱ πᾰτέρες hoi patéres
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰτρός / πᾰτέρος toû patrós / patéros	τοῖν πᾰτέροιν toîn patéroin	τῶν πᾰτέρων / πᾰτρῶν tôn patérōn / patrôn
Dative	τῷ πᾰτρῐ́ / πᾰτέρῐ tôi patrí / patéri	τοῖν πᾰτέροιν toîn patéroin	τοῖς πᾰτρᾰ́σῐ toîs patrási
Accusative	τὸν πᾰτέρᾰ tòn patéra	τὼ πᾰτέρε tṑ patére	τοὺς πᾰτέρᾰς toùs patéras
Vocative	πάτερ páter	πᾰτέρε patére	πᾰτέρες patéres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Κλεοπᾶς (Kleopâs)
Κλεοπάτρα (Kleopátra)
Κλεόπατρος (Kleópatros)
πᾰτρῐᾱ́ (patriā́)
Σωσῐ́πᾰτρος (Sōsípatros)

Descendants

Greek: πατήρ (patír), πατέρας (patéras)
Yevanic: פַטִיר (patir)

Further reading

“πᾰτήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πατήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πατήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πατήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“πατήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3962 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- father idem, page 309.
- sire idem, page 779.
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (patḗr). Doublet of πατέρας (patéras).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Hyphenation: πα‧τήρ

Noun

πατήρ • (patír) m

(religion) God the Father
(literary) father (form of address for monk or priest)
Katharevousa form of πατέρας (patéras), father

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