книга
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Книга.
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kъňiga.
Pronunciation
Noun
кни́га • (kníga) f (relational adjective кни́жен, diminutive кни́жка or книжле́)
- book
- register
- (dated) a piece of paper
- Synonym: харти́я (hartíja)
- letter, written message
- Synonym: писмо́ (pismó)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | кни́га kníga |
кни́ги knígi |
| definite | кни́гата knígata |
кни́гите knígite |
| vocative form | кни́го knígo |
кни́ги knígi |
References
- “книга”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “книга”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Anagrams
- Гинка (Ginka)
Chechen
Etymology
Noun
книга • (kniga) class ? (plural книгаш)
Even
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian книга (kniga)
Noun
книга (kņiga)
Synonyms
References
- Cincius, V. I., Rišes, L. D. (1952) Русско-эвенский словарь , Moscow
Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian книга (kniga).
Pronunciation
Noun
книга • (kńiga)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | книга (kńiga) | книгаяс (kńigajas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | книга (kńiga) | книгаяс (kńigajas) |
| II 1 | книгаӧс (kńigaös) | книгаясӧс (kńigajasös) | |
| instrumental | книгаӧн (kńigaön) | книгаясӧн (kńigajasön) | |
| comitative | книгакӧд (kńigaköd) | книгаяскӧд (kńigajasköd) | |
| caritive | книгатӧг (kńigatög) | книгаястӧг (kńigajastög) | |
| consecutive | книгала (kńigala) | книгаясла (kńigajasla) | |
| genitive | книгалӧн (kńigalön) | книгаяслӧн (kńigajaslön) | |
| ablative | книгалысь (kńigalyś) | книгаяслысь (kńigajaslyś) | |
| dative | книгалы (kńigaly) | книгаяслы (kńigajasly) | |
| inessive | книгаын (kńigayn) | книгаясын (kńigajasyn) | |
| elative | книгаысь (kńigayś) | книгаясысь (kńigajasyś) | |
| illative | книгаӧ (kńigaö) | книгаясӧ (kńigajasö) | |
| egressive | книгасянь (kńigaśań) | книгаяссянь (kńigajasśań) | |
| approximative | книгалань (kńigalań) | книгаяслань (kńigajaslań) | |
| terminative | книгаӧдз (kńigaödź) | книгаясӧдз (kńigajasödź) | |
| prolative | I | книгаӧд (kńigaöd) | книгаясӧд (kńigajasöd) |
| II | книгаті (kńigati) | книгаясті (kńigajasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь , Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 94
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 19
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь , →ISBN, page 274
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъňiga.
Pronunciation
Noun
книга • (kniga) f (plural книги, relational adjective книжен or книжевен, diminutive книвче or книже)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | книга (kniga) | книги (knigi) |
| definite unspecified | книгата (knigata) | книгите (knigite) |
| definite proximal | книгава (knigava) | книгиве (knigive) |
| definite distal | книгана (knigana) | книгине (knigine) |
| vocative | книго (knigo) | книги (knigi) |
Old East Slavic
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: кни‧га
Noun
книга (kniga) f (diminutive книжька, related adjective книжьнъ)
- alternative form of кънига (kŭniga)
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 2:
- ѥгда чьтеши книгꙑ· не тъштисѧ бърꙁо иштисти до дроугыꙗ главиꙁнꙑ·
- jegda čĭteši knigy· ne tŭštisę bŭrzo ištisti do drugyja glavizny·
- when you read books, don't strive to quickly read on to the following chapter.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | книга kniga |
книзѣ knizě |
книгꙑ knigy |
| genitive | книгꙑ knigy |
книгу knigu |
книгъ knigŭ |
| dative | книзѣ knizě |
книгама knigama |
книгамъ knigamŭ |
| accusative | книгѫ knigǫ |
книзѣ knizě |
книгꙑ knigy |
| instrumental | книгоѭ knigojǫ |
книгама knigama |
книгами knigami |
| locative | книзѣ knizě |
книгу knigu |
книгахъ knigaxŭ |
| vocative | книго knigo |
книзѣ knizě |
книгꙑ knigy |
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “кънига”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1391
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъňiga.
Pronunciation
Noun
кни́га • (kníga) f inan (genitive кни́ги, nominative plural кни́ги, genitive plural книг, relational adjective кни́жный, diminutive кни́жка or кни́жечка or кни́жица, augmentative кни́жища, pejorative книжо́нка)
- book
- Он преподнёс ей кни́гу. ― On prepodnjós jej knígu. ― He presented a book to her. / He presented her with a book.
- 1937, Lion Feuchtwanger, Moscow 1937: My Visit Described for My Friends. 2. Conformism and Individualism, page 42:
- Кни́ги представля́ют собо́й не́что це́нное, хотя́ и продаю́тся по весьма́ дешёвым це́нам, так что когда́ мне сказа́ли: «де́ньги Вы мо́жете оставля́ть неза́пертыми, но кни́ги свои́ держи́те, пожа́луйста, под замко́м», то я отнёсся к э́тому не про́сто как к шу́тке.
- Knígi predstavljájut sobój néčto cénnoje, xotjá i prodajútsja po vesʹmá dešóvym cénam, tak što kogdá mne skazáli: «dénʹgi Vy móžete ostavljátʹ nezápertymi, no knígi svoí deržíte, požálujsta, pod zamkóm», to ja otnjóssja k étomu ne prósto kak k šútke.
- Although sold at very low prices, books are precious things, and I treated it as more than a joke when I was told that I could leave money lying about, but that my books should be kept under lock and key.
Declension
Declension of кни́га (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a)
Pre-reform declension of кни́га (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a)
Derived terms
Compound words:
- книго- (knigo-)
- книгове́дение n (knigovédenije)
- книгодержа́тель m (knigoderžátelʹ)
- книгоизда́тель m (knigoizdátelʹ)
- книгоно́ша m anim or f anim (knigonóša)
- книготорго́вля f (knigotorgóvlja)
- книгохрани́лище n (knigoxranílišče)
- книгоче́й m anim (knigočéj)
- пятикни́жие n (pjatiknížije)
Compounds:
- кни́га за семью́ печа́тями (kníga za semʹjú pečátjami) — closed book, enigma, mystery
- конто́рская кни́га f (kontórskaja kníga)
- счётная кни́га f (sčótnaja kníga)
- Phrases
- смотре́ть в кни́гу, а ви́деть фи́гу (smotrétʹ v knígu, a vídetʹ fígu)
Descendants
- → Chuvash: кӗнеке (kĕnek̬e)
- → Chechen: книга (kniga)
- → Dargwa: кинига (kiniga)
- → Even: книга (kņiga)
- → Evenki: книга (kņiga)
- → Karelian:
- → Khakas: книга (kniga)
- → Kildin Sami: кнӣга (knīga)
- → Komi-Zyrian: книга (kńiga)
- → Lithuanian: knygà
- → Polish: kniga
- → Udmurt: книга (kńiga)
- → Yakut: кинигэ (kinige)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “книга”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “книга”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 405
- Shansky, N. M., editor (1982), “книга”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volume 2, number 8 (К), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 171
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “книга”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
- Krylov, G. A. (2004) “книга”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
- Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “книга”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 179
- Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “книга”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 404
Further reading
- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “книга”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
Udmurt
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian книга (kniga).
Pronunciation
Noun
книга • (kńiga)
- book
- солы удмурт книга сётӥз
- soly udmurt kńiga śotiz
- she gave him an Udmurt book
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | книга kńiga |
книгаос kńigaos |
| accusative | книгаез kńigajez |
книгаосыз kńigaosyz |
| genitive | книгалэн kńigalen |
книгаослэн kńigaoslen |
| dative | книгалы kńigaly |
книгаослы kńigaosly |
| ablative | книгалэсь kńigaleś |
книгаослэсь kńigaosleś |
| instrumental | книгаен kńigajen |
книгаосын kńigaosyn |
| abessive | книгатэк kńigatek |
книгаостэк kńigaostek |
| adverbial | книгая kńigaja |
книгаосъя kńigaosja |
| inessive | книгаын kńigayn |
книгаосын kńigaosyn |
| illative | книгае kńigaje |
книгаосы kńigaosy |
| elative | книгаысь kńigayś |
книгаосысь kńigaosyś |
| egressive | книгаысьен kńigayśjen |
книгаосысьен kńigaosyśjen |
| terminative | книгаозь kńigaoź |
книгаосозь kńigaosoź |
| prolative | книгатӥ kńigati |
книгаосытӥ kńigaosyti |
| allative | книгалань kńigalań |
книгаослань kńigaoslań |
|
Derived terms
nouns
- книгабугор (kńigabugor)
- книгавыл (kńigavyl)
- книгакорка (kńigakorka)
- книгакуа (kńigakua)
- книгакыл (kńigakyl)
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “книга”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам , Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 308
- R. S. Nasibullin, V. G. Semenov (2013) “книга”, in Системно-Тематический Русско-Удмуртский Словарь , Izhevsk: Ассоциация «Научная книга», page 146
- A. Butolina, editor (1942), “книга”, in Русско-Удмуртский словарь , Izhevsk: Удмуртгосиздат, page 179
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kъňiga.
Pronunciation
Noun
кни́га • (knýha) f inan (genitive кни́ги, nominative plural кни́ги, genitive plural книг, relational adjective кни́жний, diminutive кни́жечка)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кни́га knýha |
кни́ги knýhy |
| genitive | кни́ги knýhy |
книг knyh |
| dative | кни́зі knýzi |
кни́гам knýham |
| accusative | кни́гу knýhu |
кни́ги knýhy |
| instrumental | кни́гою knýhoju |
кни́гами knýhamy |
| locative | кни́зі knýzi |
кни́гах knýhax |
| vocative | кни́го knýho |
кни́ги knýhy |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “книга”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “книга”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)