افتادن

From Middle Persian (’wpt- /⁠ōft-⁠/, “fall”), from Proto-Iranian *ava- (“away, down”) + *pat- (“to fly, rise; to fall”), the former from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa (“away, down”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to spread one's wings, fly”).^[1]

اُفتادَن • (oftâdan) (present stem اُفت (oft))^[2][3]

1. to fall
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 879:

     زن برو افتاد و بوسید آن لبش
     بر جهانیدش ز خواب اندر شبش

     zan bar-u oftâd o busid ân lab-aš
     bar jahânid-aš ze xâb andar šab-aš

     The wife fell upon him and kissed his lips: she roused him from his slumber in the night.

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 2579:

     خاصه که در چشم افتد خس ز باد
     چشم افتد در نم و بند و گشاد

     xâse ke dar čašm oftad xas ze bâd
     čašm oftâd dar nam o band o gošâd

     Especially, when a straw by the wind falls into the eye, the eye begins to water and shut and open.

2. to happen, to occur

   اتفاق افتادن ― ettefâq oftâdan ― to happen

   • late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “الا یا ایها الساقی (Alā yā ayyoha-s-sāqī)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

     الا یا ایها الساقی ادر کأسا و ناولها، که عشق آسان نمود اول ولی افتاد مشکل‌ها

     alâ yâ 'ayyoha-s-sâqi ader ka'san va nâvelhâ, ke 'ešq âsân nemûd avval vali oftâd moškelhâ

     ʼalā yā ʼayyuha-s-sāqī ʼadir kaʼsan wa-nāwilhā , since love seemed easy at first, but soon difficulties occurred.

3. to fall ill
4. to be dissolved
5. (dialectal) to be freed from use, to no longer have any use
6. (figurative) to have a miscarriage