خرس

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See also: جرس, حرس, and خَرس

Arabic

Root
خ ر س (ḵ r s)
2 terms

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation

Verb

خَرِسَ (ḵarisa) I (non-past يَخْرَسُ (yaḵrasu), verbal noun خَرَس (ḵaras))

  1. to be mute, to be dumb
  2. to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue
Conjugation

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

Verb

خَرَسَ (ḵarasa) I (non-past يَخْرُسُ (yaḵrusu), verbal noun خَرْس (ḵars))

  1. to guess, to estimate
  2. to conjecture, to surmise
  3. to tell an untruth, falsehood; to lie
Conjugation

Khalaj

Noun

خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی, plural خِرسلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of xirs (bear)

Declension

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa
Dari خرس
Iranian Persian
Tajik хирс
خرس (xers, bear)

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Ossetian арс (ars)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas (compare Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Welsh arth.

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? xirs
Dari reading? xirs
Iranian reading? xers
Tajik reading? xirs

Noun

خرس (xers) (plural خرس‌ها (xers-hâ))

  1. bear
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی, volume V, verse 2006:
      شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.
      šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.
      Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and wild animals gather around thee by night.

Inflection

    Enclitic-attached forms of خرس (xers) (Iranian Persian)
    Basic forms of خرس (xers)
singular plural
bare خرس
(xers)
خرس‌ها
(xers-hấ)
خرسا
(xersấ)
definitive direct object خرس را
(xers râ)
خرس رو
(xerso)
خرس‌ها را
(xers-hấ râ)
خرسا رو
(xersấ ro)
ezâfe خرس
(xers-e)
خرس‌های
(xers-hấ-ye)
خرسای
(xersấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite
خرسی
(xers-i)
خرس‌هایی
(xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i)
خرسایی
(xersấi)
Colloquial.
    Predicative forms of خرس (xers)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)
خرسم
(xersam)
خرسیم
(xersim)
2nd person
(“you are”)
خرسی
(xersi)
خرسید
(xersid)
خرسین
(xersin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)
خرس است
(xers ast)
خرسه
(xerse)
خرسند
(xersand)
خرسن
(xersan)
Colloquial.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Khalaj: xirs
  • Munji: xərs
  • Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)
  • Pashto: خرس
  • Wakhi: خرس
  • Urdu: خرس (xirs)
  • Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ ر س
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic خَرِسَ (ḵarisa).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xi.ris/,
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

خرس (ḵiris) I (present بخرس (biḵras))

  1. to be quiet, to shut up
    Synonym: سكت (sakat)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of خرس (ḵiris)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m خرست (ḵrist) خرست (ḵrist) خرس (ḵiris) خرسنا (ḵrisna) خرستو (ḵristu) خرسو (ḵirsu)
f خرستي (ḵristi) خرست (ḵirsat)
present m بخرس (baḵras) بتخرس (btiḵras) بخرس (biḵras) منخرس (mniḵras) بتخرسو (btiḵrasu) بخرسو (biḵrasu)
f بتخرسي (btiḵrasi) بتخرس (btiḵras)
subjunctive m أخرس (ʔaḵras) تخرس (tiḵras) يخرس (yiḵras) نخرس (niḵras) تخرسو (tiḵrasu) يخرسو (yiḵrasu)
f تخرسي (tiḵrasi) تخرس (tiḵras)
imperative m اخرس (iḵras) اخرسو (iḵrasu)
f اخرسي (iḵrasi)

Urdu

Etymology

PIE word
*h₂ŕ̥tḱos

From Classical Persian خرس (xirs, bear).

Pronunciation

Noun

خرس (xirs?

  1. bear
  2. a vulgar person; scoundrel; rogue

Declension

    Declension of خرس
singular plural
direct خرس (xirs) خرس (xirs)
oblique خرس (xirs) خرسوں (xirsõ)
vocative خرس (xirs) خرسو (xirso)
    Declension of خرس
singular plural
direct خرس (xirs) خرسیں (xirsẽ)
oblique خرس (xirs) خرسوں (xirsõ)
vocative خرس (xirs) خرسو (xirso)

Derived terms

References

  • خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • خرس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.