شهد

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Arabic

Etymology 1

    Root
    ش ه د (š h d)
    11 terms

    Verb

    شَهِدَ (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شُهُود (šuhūd))

    1. to witness, to be a witness
    2. to experience personally, to see with one’s own eyes
    3. to be present, to attend, to be around
    4. to see
    Conjugation

    Verb

    شَهِدَ (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شَهَادَة (šahāda))

    1. to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence
      شَهِدَ الشَّاهِدُ بِالحَقِّ أَمَامَ القَاضِي.
      šahida aš-šāhidu bi-l-ḥaqqi ʔamāma l-qāḍī.
      The witness testified to the truth in front of the judge.
    2. to attest, to confirm, to certify
    3. to witness (a signature)
    4. to acknowledge, to adjudge
    Conjugation
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

      From ش ه د (š h d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.

      Noun

      شَهْد or شُهْد (šahd or šuhdm (plural شِهَاد (šihād))

      1. honey especially still in the honeycomb
        Synonym: عَسَل (ʕasal)
        • 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:
          فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ
          fakam tumarriru ʕayšī waʔanta ḥāmilu šahdin
          And how much you make my life bitter and you are a carrier of honey
      2. honeycomb
      3. melon, cantaloupe
      4. nectar
      5. (figuratively) anything pleasant
      6. (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation
      Declension
      Descendants
      • Classical Persian: شَهْد (šahd)
        • Baluchi: شہد (šahad)
        • Hindustani:
          Hindi: शहद (śahad)
          Urdu: شَہْد (śahd)
        • Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਿਦ / شہد (śahid)

      Etymology 3

      Adjective

      شُهَّد (šuhhadm pl

      1. masculine plural of شَاهِد (šāhid)

      References

      Persian

      Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia fa

      Etymology

        Borrowed from Arabic شَهْد (šahd).

        Pronunciation

        Readings
        Classical reading? šahd
        Dari reading? šahd
        Iranian reading? šahd
        Tajik reading? šahd

        Noun

        شهد (šahd)

        1. nectar (in the flower, before bees make it into honey)
        2. (archaic) honey
          Synonyms: عسل (asal), انگبین (angabin)
        3. (figurative) something sweet
          • c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 265”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]‎:
            ای دل چو جهان به کام ما نیست
            شهباز وفا به دام ما نیست
            وز شهد وصال آن دلارام
            جز زهر جفا به جام ما نیست
            ay dil čū jahān ba kām-i mā nēst
            šahbāz-i wafā ba dām-i mā nēst
            w-az šahd-i wisāl-i ān dilārām
            juz zahr-i jafā ba jām-i mā nēst
            O heart! Since the world is not as we would wish it,
            The falcon of loyalty is not in our snare,
            And from the honey of reunion with that heart-soothing one,
            There is nothing but the venom of torment in our cup.
            (Classical Persian romanization)

        Descendants

        Further reading

        • Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “شهد”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 237
        • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شهد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim