غم

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See also: عم

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
غ م م (ḡ m m)
12 terms

Pronunciation

Verb

غَمَّ • (ḡamma) I (non-past يَغُمُّ (yaḡummu), verbal noun غَمّ (ḡamm))

  1. to cover, to veil, to shroud
  2. (passive voice) to be obscure, to be unapparent
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 13:6:
      فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا ثَلَاثِينَ
      faʔin ḡumma ʕalaykum fāqdirū ṯalāṯīna
      If is masked for you , then calculate thirty days [for the month of Ramaḍān.
  3. to fill with grief, to grief, to chagrin
Conjugation
Conjugation of غَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun غَمّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		غَمّ
ḡamm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		غَامّ
ḡāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مَغْمُوم
maḡmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m غَمَمْتُ
ḡamamtu 		غَمَمْتَ
ḡamamta 		غَمَّ
ḡamma 		غَمَمْتُمَا
ḡamamtumā 		غَمَّا
ḡammā 		غَمَمْنَا
ḡamamnā 		غَمَمْتُمْ
ḡamamtum 		غَمُّوا
ḡammū
f غَمَمْتِ
ḡamamti 		غَمَّتْ
ḡammat 		غَمَّتَا
ḡammatā 		غَمَمْتُنَّ
ḡamamtunna 		غَمَمْنَ
ḡamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أَغُمُّ
ʔaḡummu 		تَغُمُّ
taḡummu 		يَغُمُّ
yaḡummu 		تَغُمَّانِ
taḡummāni 		يَغُمَّانِ
yaḡummāni 		نَغُمُّ
naḡummu 		تَغُمُّونَ
taḡummūna 		يَغُمُّونَ
yaḡummūna
f تَغُمِّينَ
taḡummīna 		تَغُمُّ
taḡummu 		تَغُمَّانِ
taḡummāni 		تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna 		يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أَغُمَّ
ʔaḡumma 		تَغُمَّ
taḡumma 		يَغُمَّ
yaḡumma 		تَغُمَّا
taḡummā 		يَغُمَّا
yaḡummā 		نَغُمَّ
naḡumma 		تَغُمُّوا
taḡummū 		يَغُمُّوا
yaḡummū
f تَغُمِّي
taḡummī 		تَغُمَّ
taḡumma 		تَغُمَّا
taḡummā 		تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna 		يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أَغُمَّ, أَغُمِّ, أَغْمُمْ
ʔaḡumma, ʔaḡummi, ʔaḡmum 		تَغُمَّ, تَغُمِّ, تَغْمُمْ
taḡumma, taḡummi, taḡmum 		يَغُمَّ, يَغُمِّ, يَغْمُمْ
yaḡumma, yaḡummi, yaḡmum 		تَغُمَّا
taḡummā 		يَغُمَّا
yaḡummā 		نَغُمَّ, نَغُمِّ, نَغْمُمْ
naḡumma, naḡummi, naḡmum 		تَغُمُّوا
taḡummū 		يَغُمُّوا
yaḡummū
f تَغُمِّي
taḡummī 		تَغُمَّ, تَغُمِّ, تَغْمُمْ
taḡumma, taḡummi, taḡmum 		تَغُمَّا
taḡummā 		تَغْمُمْنَ
taḡmumna 		يَغْمُمْنَ
yaḡmumna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m غُمَّ, غُمِّ, اُغْمُمْ
ḡumma, ḡummi, uḡmum 		غُمَّا
ḡummā 		غُمُّوا
ḡummū
f غُمِّي
ḡummī 		اُغْمُمْنَ
uḡmumna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m غُمِمْتُ
ḡumimtu 		غُمِمْتَ
ḡumimta 		غُمَّ
ḡumma 		غُمِمْتُمَا
ḡumimtumā 		غُمَّا
ḡummā 		غُمِمْنَا
ḡumimnā 		غُمِمْتُمْ
ḡumimtum 		غُمُّوا
ḡummū
f غُمِمْتِ
ḡumimti 		غُمَّتْ
ḡummat 		غُمَّتَا
ḡummatā 		غُمِمْتُنَّ
ḡumimtunna 		غُمِمْنَ
ḡumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أُغَمُّ
ʔuḡammu 		تُغَمُّ
tuḡammu 		يُغَمُّ
yuḡammu 		تُغَمَّانِ
tuḡammāni 		يُغَمَّانِ
yuḡammāni 		نُغَمُّ
nuḡammu 		تُغَمُّونَ
tuḡammūna 		يُغَمُّونَ
yuḡammūna
f تُغَمِّينَ
tuḡammīna 		تُغَمُّ
tuḡammu 		تُغَمَّانِ
tuḡammāni 		تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna 		يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أُغَمَّ
ʔuḡamma 		تُغَمَّ
tuḡamma 		يُغَمَّ
yuḡamma 		تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā 		يُغَمَّا
yuḡammā 		نُغَمَّ
nuḡamma 		تُغَمُّوا
tuḡammū 		يُغَمُّوا
yuḡammū
f تُغَمِّي
tuḡammī 		تُغَمَّ
tuḡamma 		تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā 		تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna 		يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أُغَمَّ, أُغَمِّ, أُغْمَمْ
ʔuḡamma, ʔuḡammi, ʔuḡmam 		تُغَمَّ, تُغَمِّ, تُغْمَمْ
tuḡamma, tuḡammi, tuḡmam 		يُغَمَّ, يُغَمِّ, يُغْمَمْ
yuḡamma, yuḡammi, yuḡmam 		تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā 		يُغَمَّا
yuḡammā 		نُغَمَّ, نُغَمِّ, نُغْمَمْ
nuḡamma, nuḡammi, nuḡmam 		تُغَمُّوا
tuḡammū 		يُغَمُّوا
yuḡammū
f تُغَمِّي
tuḡammī 		تُغَمَّ, تُغَمِّ, تُغْمَمْ
tuḡamma, tuḡammi, tuḡmam 		تُغَمَّا
tuḡammā 		تُغْمَمْنَ
tuḡmamna 		يُغْمَمْنَ
yuḡmamna

Etymology 1.2

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    غَمّ • (ḡamm) m (plural غُمُوم (ḡumūm))

    1. grief, sorrow, chagrin
      • 7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, section 37:
        وَتَدْنُو الشَّمْسُ، فَيَبْلُغُ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَالْكَرْبِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُونَ وَلَا يَحْتَمِلُونَ
        wa-tadnū š-šamsu, fa-yabluḡu n-nāsa mina al-ḡammi wa-l-karbi mā lā yuṭīqūna wa-lā yaḥtamilūna
        The sun will come so close to the people that they will suffer such distress and trouble as they will not be able to bear or stand.
    Declension
    Declension of noun غَمّ (ḡamm)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal غَمّ
    ḡamm     		الْغَمّ
    al-ḡamm     		غَمّ
    ḡamm
    nominative غَمٌّ
    ḡammun     		الْغَمُّ
    al-ḡammu     		غَمُّ
    ḡammu
    accusative غَمًّا
    ḡamman     		الْغَمَّ
    al-ḡamma     		غَمَّ
    ḡamma
    genitive غَمٍّ
    ḡammin     		الْغَمِّ
    al-ḡammi     		غَمِّ
    ḡammi
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal غَمَّيْن
    ḡammayn     		الْغَمَّيْن
    al-ḡammayn     		غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    nominative غَمَّانِ
    ḡammāni     		الْغَمَّانِ
    al-ḡammāni     		غَمَّا
    ḡammā
    accusative غَمَّيْنِ
    ḡammayni     		الْغَمَّيْنِ
    al-ḡammayni     		غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    genitive غَمَّيْنِ
    ḡammayni     		الْغَمَّيْنِ
    al-ḡammayni     		غَمَّيْ
    ḡammay
    plural basic broken plural triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal غُمُوم
    ḡumūm     		الْغُمُوم
    al-ḡumūm     		غُمُوم
    ḡumūm
    nominative غُمُومٌ
    ḡumūmun     		الْغُمُومُ
    al-ḡumūmu     		غُمُومُ
    ḡumūmu
    accusative غُمُومًا
    ḡumūman     		الْغُمُومَ
    al-ḡumūma     		غُمُومَ
    ḡumūma
    genitive غُمُومٍ
    ḡumūmin     		الْغُمُومِ
    al-ḡumūmi     		غُمُومِ
    ḡumūmi
    Descendants
    • → Azerbaijani: qəm
    • → Catalan: gamar-se
    • → Pashto: غَم (ǧam)
    • → Classical Persian: غَم (ġam)
    • → Northern Kurdish: xem
    • → Swahili: ghamu
    • → Tatar: гамь (ğam’), ğäm
    • → Turkmen: gam
    • → Uyghur: غەم (ghem)
    • → Uzbek: gʻam

    References

    • Freytag, Georg (1835) “غم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 292–293
    • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “غم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2289.
    • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 926

    Pashto

    Etymology

    From Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    غم • (ǧam) m

    1. grief, sorrow

    Derived terms

    Persian

    Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia fa

    Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm)bor.
      Persian غم

      Borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).

      Pronunciation

       

      Readings
      Classical reading? ġam
      Dari reading? ġam
      Iranian reading? ġam
      Tajik reading? ġam

      Noun

      غم • (ġam)

      1. grief, sorrow
        Synonym: گرم (gorm)

      Derived terms

      Punjabi

      Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm)bor.
        Classical Persian غَم (ġam)bor.
        Punjabi غَم (ġam)

        Borrowed from Classical Persian غَم (ġam), borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        غَم • (ġam) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗ਼ਮ)

        1. sorrow; sadness; grief
        2. mourning
        3. worry (ie. distress)
        4. depression
        5. melancholy

        Declension

        Declension of غم
        singular plural
        direct غَم (ġam) غَم (ġam)
        oblique غَم (ġam) غَماں (ġamāṉ)
        vocative غَما (ġamā) غَمو (ġamo)
        ablative غَموں (ġamoṉ) غَماں (ġamāṉ)
        locative غَمے (ġame) غَمِیں (ġamīṉ)
        instrumental غَموں (ġamoṉ) –

        Further reading

        • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “غم”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
        • Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “غم”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
        • “ਗ਼ਮ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

        Urdu

        Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm)bor.
          Classical Persian غَم (ġam)bor.
          Urdu غَم (ġam)

          Borrowed from Classical Persian غَم (ġam), borrowed from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm). First attested in c. 1503 as Middle Hindi غم (ġm /⁠ġam⁠/).

          Pronunciation

          Noun

          غَم • (ġam) m (formal plural غُمُوم (ġumūm), Hindi spelling ग़म)

          1. sorrow; sadness
            Synonym: دُکھ (dukh)
          2. mourning
            اُس کی موت پر گہرا غم منایا گیا۔
            uskī maut par gahrā ġam manāyā gayā.
            His death was deeply mourned.
          3. worry; distress
          4. depression
          5. (obsolete) concern

          Declension

          Declension of غم
          singular plural
          direct غَم (ġam) غَم (ġam)
          oblique غَم (ġam) غَموں (ġamõ)
          vocative غَم (ġam) غَمو (ġamo)

          Derived terms

          References

          1. ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “غم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
          2. ^ “غم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

          Further reading

          More information
          • “غم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
          • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “غم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
          • S. W. Fallon (1879) “غم”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
          • John Shakespear (1834) “غم”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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