معلوم
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Arabic
Etymology
Derived from the passive participle of عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”), verb form I from the root ع ل م (ʕ l m): literally, “known”. The word is used to describe the active voice because the agent of the verb is mentioned and is therefore known. In the passive, on the other hand, the agent is usually not mentioned and is therefore unknown (مَجْهُول (majhūl)).
Pronunciation
Adjective
مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine مَعْلُومَة (maʕlūma), masculine plural مَعْلُومُونَ (maʕlūmūna), feminine plural مَعْلُومَات (maʕlūmāt))
- known
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:197:
- الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌ
- al-ḥajju ʔašhurun maʕlūmātun
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- clear, evident, certain
- of course, yes (in answering)
- noteworthy, celebrated, distinguished
- (mathematics) given (mathematical quantity)
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | مَعْلُوم maʕlūm |
الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm |
مَعْلُومَة maʕlūma |
الْمَعْلُومَة al-maʕlūma |
| nominative | مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun |
الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu |
مَعْلُومَةٌ maʕlūmatun |
الْمَعْلُومَةُ al-maʕlūmatu |
| accusative | مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman |
الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma |
مَعْلُومَةً maʕlūmatan |
الْمَعْلُومَةَ al-maʕlūmata |
| genitive | مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin |
الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi |
مَعْلُومَةٍ maʕlūmatin |
الْمَعْلُومَةِ al-maʕlūmati |
| dual | masculine | feminine | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | مَعْلُومَيْن maʕlūmayn |
الْمَعْلُومَيْن al-maʕlūmayn |
مَعْلُومَتَيْن maʕlūmatayn |
الْمَعْلُومَتَيْن al-maʕlūmatayn |
| nominative | مَعْلُومَانِ maʕlūmāni |
الْمَعْلُومَانِ al-maʕlūmāni |
مَعْلُومَتَانِ maʕlūmatāni |
الْمَعْلُومَتَانِ al-maʕlūmatāni |
| accusative | مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni |
الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni |
مَعْلُومَتَيْنِ maʕlūmatayni |
الْمَعْلُومَتَيْنِ al-maʕlūmatayni |
| genitive | مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni |
الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni |
مَعْلُومَتَيْنِ maʕlūmatayni |
الْمَعْلُومَتَيْنِ al-maʕlūmatayni |
| plural | masculine | feminine | ||
| sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | مَعْلُومِين maʕlūmīn |
الْمَعْلُومِين al-maʕlūmīn |
مَعْلُومَات maʕlūmāt |
الْمَعْلُومَات al-maʕlūmāt |
| nominative | مَعْلُومُونَ maʕlūmūna |
الْمَعْلُومُونَ al-maʕlūmūna |
مَعْلُومَاتٌ maʕlūmātun |
الْمَعْلُومَاتُ al-maʕlūmātu |
| accusative | مَعْلُومِينَ maʕlūmīna |
الْمَعْلُومِينَ al-maʕlūmīna |
مَعْلُومَاتٍ maʕlūmātin |
الْمَعْلُومَاتِ al-maʕlūmāti |
| genitive | مَعْلُومِينَ maʕlūmīna |
الْمَعْلُومِينَ al-maʕlūmīna |
مَعْلُومَاتٍ maʕlūmātin |
الْمَعْلُومَاتِ al-maʕlūmāti |
Descendants
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܥܠܘܼܡ (maʕlūm)
- → Azerbaijani: məlum
- → Hindi: मालूम (mālūm)
- → Judeo-Tat: мэгӀлуьм (məⱨlym)
- → Kazakh: мәлім (mälım), мағлұм (mağlūm)
- → Malay: maklum
- → Persian: معلوم (ma'lum)
- → Swahili: maalum
- → Turkish: malum
- → Urdu: معلوم (maʻlūm)
- → Uyghur: مەلۇم (melum)
- → Uzbek: maʼlum
Noun
مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | مَعْلُوم maʕlūm |
الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm |
مَعْلُوم maʕlūm |
| nominative | مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun |
الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu |
مَعْلُومُ maʕlūmu |
| accusative | مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman |
الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma |
مَعْلُومَ maʕlūma |
| genitive | مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin |
الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi |
مَعْلُومِ maʕlūmi |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “معلوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
Noun
مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m (plural مَعَالِيم (maʕālīm))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | مَعْلُوم maʕlūm |
الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm |
مَعْلُوم maʕlūm |
| nominative | مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun |
الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu |
مَعْلُومُ maʕlūmu |
| accusative | مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman |
الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma |
مَعْلُومَ maʕlūma |
| genitive | مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin |
الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi |
مَعْلُومِ maʕlūmi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | مَعْلُومَيْن maʕlūmayn |
الْمَعْلُومَيْن al-maʕlūmayn |
مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay |
| nominative | مَعْلُومَانِ maʕlūmāni |
الْمَعْلُومَانِ al-maʕlūmāni |
مَعْلُومَا maʕlūmā |
| accusative | مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni |
الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni |
مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay |
| genitive | مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni |
الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni |
مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay |
| plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | مَعَالِيم maʕālīm |
الْمَعَالِيم al-maʕālīm |
مَعَالِيم maʕālīm |
| nominative | مَعَالِيمُ maʕālīmu |
الْمَعَالِيمُ al-maʕālīmu |
مَعَالِيمُ maʕālīmu |
| accusative | مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma |
الْمَعَالِيمَ al-maʕālīma |
مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma |
| genitive | مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma |
الْمَعَالِيمِ al-maʕālīmi |
مَعَالِيمِ maʕālīmi |
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “معلوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Malay
Verb
معلوم
Adjective
معلوم
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /maʔ.ˈluːm/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ma'lūm |
| Dari reading? | ma'lūm |
| Iranian reading? | ma'lum |
| Tajik reading? | ma'lum |
Adjective
| Dari | معلوم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | маълум |
معلوم • (ma'lum)
Antonyms
- مجهول (majhul)
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).
Pronunciation
Adjective
معلوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine معلومة (maʕlūme))
See also
- معروف (maʕrūf, “well-known, familiar”)
Interjection
معلوم • (maʕlūm)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm) (through Classical Persian معلوم (ma'lūm)), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /mɑː.luːm/
- Rhymes: -uːm
- Hyphenation: مَعْ‧لُوم
Adjective
مَعْلُوم • (ma'lūm) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मालूम)
References
- “معلوم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “معلوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “معلوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.