शिव
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
शिव • (śiv) m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | शिव śiv |
| oblique | शिव śiv |
| vocative | शिव śiv |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শিৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬶᬯ (Balinese script)
- শিব (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰰𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀺𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ၐိဝ (Burmese script)
- શિવ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਿਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌿𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦶꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂱𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಿವ (Kannada script)
- ឝិវ (Khmer script)
- ຨິວ (Lao script)
- ശിവ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘱𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧒𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐶𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଶିଵ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢶꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆴𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖰𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ශිව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩑𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚮𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஶிவ (Tamil script)
- శివ (Telugu script)
- ศิว (Thai script)
- ཤི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒱𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨁𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱi-wó-s (“dear, intimate, friendly”), from *ḱey- (“to settle down, to live”). Compare शेव (śeva), Proto-Germanic *hīwą (“marriage”), *hīwô (“household”), Latvian sieva f (“wife”), Latin cīvis, cīvīlis (“civilized, polite”).
In the Vedas, Rudra was often described with this adjective; eventually it got nominalized into a proper noun and Rudra came to be merged with the deity worshipped today.
Pronunciation
Adjective
शिव • (śivá) stem
- auspicious, favourable, kind
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.8.10:
- नमः॑ शंक॒राय॑ च मयस्क॒राय॑ च॒ नमः॑ शि॒वाय॑ च शि॒वत॑राय च॒
- námaḥ śaṃkarā́ya ca mayaskarā́ya ca námaḥ śivā́ya ca śivátarāya ca
- Homage to , the maker of happiness, and to the maker of delight.
Homage to the auspicious, and to the more auspicious.
- नमः॑ शंक॒राय॑ च मयस्क॒राय॑ च॒ नमः॑ शि॒वाय॑ च शि॒वत॑राय च॒
- happy, fortunate
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिवः (śiváḥ) | शिवौ (śivaú) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
शिवाः (śivā́ḥ) शिवासः¹ (śivā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवौ (śivaú) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
शिवान् (śivā́n) |
| instrumental | शिवेन (śivéna) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवैः (śivaíḥ) शिवेभिः¹ (śivébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिवाय (śivā́ya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिवात् (śivā́t) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिवस्य (śivásya) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivā́nām) |
| locative | शिवे (śivé) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवेषु (śivéṣu) |
| vocative | शिव (śíva) | शिवौ (śívau) शिवा¹ (śívā¹) |
शिवाः (śívāḥ) शिवासः¹ (śívāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिवा (śivā́) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवाः (śivā́ḥ) |
| accusative | शिवाम् (śivā́m) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवाः (śivā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | शिवया (śiváyā) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवाभिः (śivā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | शिवायै (śivā́yai) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवाभ्यः (śivā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिवायाः (śivā́yāḥ) शिवायै² (śivā́yai²) |
शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवाभ्यः (śivā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिवायाः (śivā́yāḥ) शिवायै² (śivā́yai²) |
शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivā́nām) |
| locative | शिवायाम् (śivā́yām) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवासु (śivā́su) |
| vocative | शिवे (śíve) | शिवे (śíve) | शिवाः (śívāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवानि (śivā́ni) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
| accusative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवानि (śivā́ni) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
| instrumental | शिवेन (śivéna) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवैः (śivaíḥ) शिवेभिः¹ (śivébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिवाय (śivā́ya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिवात् (śivā́t) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिवस्य (śivásya) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivā́nām) |
| locative | शिवे (śivé) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवेषु (śivéṣu) |
| vocative | शिव (śíva) | शिवे (śíve) | शिवानि (śívāni) शिवा¹ (śívā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
शिव • (śiva) stem, m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:शिव
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.105:
- स तप्यमानः सुमहत् तपो योगसमन्वितः ।
आससाद महात्मानं त्र्यक्षं त्रिपुरमर्दनम् ॥
शंकरं भवम् ईशानं पिनाकिं शूलपाणिनम् ।
त्र्यम्बकं शिवम् उग्रेशं बहुरूपम् उमापतिम् ॥- sa tapyamānaḥ sumahat tapo yogasamanvitaḥ.
āsasāda mahātmānaṃ tryakṣaṃ tripuramardanam.
śaṃkaraṃ bhavam īśānaṃ pinākiṃ śūlapāṇinam.
tryambakaṃ śivam ugreśaṃ bahurūpam umāpatim. - And being engaged in the practice of rigid austerities, and (also) engaged in the contemplation known by the name of Yoga, he obtained the sight of the magnanimous God with three eyes--the slayer of Tripurasura; Śaṃkara, Bhava, Īśāna; the holder of the Pinaka bow; carrying in his hand his (well-known weapon)--the trident; Tryambaka Śiva; the ruler of all those that are fierce; capable of assuming very many forms; and the lord of the goddess Uma.
- sa tapyamānaḥ sumahat tapo yogasamanvitaḥ.
- स तप्यमानः सुमहत् तपो योगसमन्वितः ।
- c. 900 CE – 1500, Śiva Purāṇa 4.42.13:
- अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥- anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate. - Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.
- anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
- अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
- (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
- a male given name
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | शिवः (śivaḥ) |
| accusative | शिवम् (śivam) |
| instrumental | शिवेन (śivena) |
| dative | शिवाय (śivāya) |
| ablative | शिवात् (śivāt) |
| genitive | शिवस्य (śivasya) |
| locative | शिवे (śive) |
| vocative | शिव (śiva) |
Derived terms
Noun
शिव • (śivá) stem, m or n
- m happiness, welfare
- m liberation, final emancipation
- n welfare, prosperity, bliss
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिवः (śiváḥ) | शिवौ (śivaú) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
शिवाः (śivā́ḥ) शिवासः¹ (śivā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवौ (śivaú) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
शिवान् (śivā́n) |
| instrumental | शिवेन (śivéna) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवैः (śivaíḥ) शिवेभिः¹ (śivébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिवाय (śivā́ya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिवात् (śivā́t) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिवस्य (śivásya) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivā́nām) |
| locative | शिवे (śivé) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवेषु (śivéṣu) |
| vocative | शिव (śíva) | शिवौ (śívau) शिवा¹ (śívā¹) |
शिवाः (śívāḥ) शिवासः¹ (śívāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवानि (śivā́ni) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
| accusative | शिवम् (śivám) | शिवे (śivé) | शिवानि (śivā́ni) शिवा¹ (śivā́¹) |
| instrumental | शिवेन (śivéna) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवैः (śivaíḥ) शिवेभिः¹ (śivébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिवाय (śivā́ya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिवात् (śivā́t) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivā́bhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिवस्य (śivásya) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivā́nām) |
| locative | शिवे (śivé) | शिवयोः (śiváyoḥ) | शिवेषु (śivéṣu) |
| vocative | शिव (śíva) | शिवे (śíve) | शिवानि (śívāni) शिवा¹ (śívā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: Siva
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀯 (siva)
- → Assamese: শিৱ (xiw)
- → Bengali: শিব (śibo)
- → Chinese: 濕婆 / 湿婆 (Shīpó)
- → Marathi: शिव (śiv)
- → Gujarati: શિવ (śiv)
- → Hindi: शिव (śiv)
- → Javanese: Siwah
- → Kannada: ಶಿವ (śiva)
- → Khmer: សិវៈ (sevaʼ), សូលី (soulii)
- → Odia: ଶିବ (śiba)
- → Tamil: சிவன் (civaṉ)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “शिव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1074.