Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀇 (sahaï), from Sanskrit सह॑ते (sáhate), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáȷ́ʰatay, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-. Cognate with Bengali সহা (śoha), সওয়া (śoōẇa), Hindi सहना (sahnā).
সহা • (xoha)
সহা • (xoha) (transitive)
| Affirmative (+) | Negative (-) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | সহ xoh |
নসহ noxoh | |
| Gerund, Past participle, Agentive | সহা xoha |
নসহা noxoha | |
| Conjugative | সহি xohi |
নসহি noxohi | |
| Infinitive | সহিব xohibo |
নসহিব noxohibo | |
| Genitive infinitive | সহিবৰ xohibor |
নসহিবৰ noxohibor | |
| Goal | সহিবলৈ xohiboloi |
নসহিবলৈ noxohiboloi | |
| Terminative | সহিবলৈকে xohiboloike |
নসহিবলৈকে noxohiboloike | |
| Future passive participle | সহিব লগা / সহিবলগীয়া xohibo loga / xohibologia |
নসহিব লগা / নসহিবলগীয়া noxohibo loga / noxohibologia | |
| Agentive (emphatic) | (♂) | সহোঁতা xohü̃ta |
নসহোঁতা noxohü̃ta |
| ♀ | সহঁতী xohõti |
নসহঁতী noxohõti | |
| Contingent | সহোঁতে xohü͂te |
নসহোঁতে noxohü͂te | |
| Progressive participle | সহোঁতে সহোঁতে xohü͂te xohü͂te |
নসহোঁতে নসহোঁতে noxohü͂te noxohü͂te | |
| Reason | সহাত xohat |
নসহাত noxohat | |
| Past conditional | সহিলত xohilot |
নসহিলত noxohilot | |
| Future conditional | সহিলে xohile |
নসহিলে noxohile | |
| Perfect participle | সহি xohi |
নসহি noxohi | |
| Habitual participle | সহি সহি xohi xohi |
নসহি নসহি noxohi noxohi | |
| Person | First person | Second person | Third person | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Non honorific | ||||
| Singular | মই moi |
তই toi |
তুমি tumi |
আপুনি apuni |
তেওঁ etc teü͂ |
সি ♂, তাই ♀ etc xi ♂, tai ♀ | |
| Plural | i | আমি ami |
তহঁত tohõt |
তোমালোক tümalük |
আপোনালোক apünalük |
তেওঁলোক teü͂lük |
সিহঁত etc xihõt |
| t | তহঁতে tohõte |
তোমালোকে tümalüke |
আপোনালোকে apünalüke |
তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke |
সিহঁতে etc xihõte | ||
| Present | |||||||
| Indefinite | + | সহোঁ xohü͂ |
সহ xoho |
সহা xoha |
সহে xohe | ||
| - | নসহোঁ noxohü͂ |
নসহ noxoho |
নসহা noxoha |
নসহে noxohe | |||
| Imperfective | + | সহিছোঁ xohisü͂ |
সহিছ xohiso |
সহিছা xohisa |
সহিছে xohise | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| সহা নাই xoha nai | |||||||
| "not about to" (usage is not common) | |||||||
| নসহিছোঁ noxohisü͂ |
নসহিছ noxohiso |
নসহিছা noxohisa |
নসহিছে noxohise | ||||
| Continuous | + | সহি আছোঁ xohi asü͂ |
সহি আছ xohi aso |
সহি আছা xohi asa |
সহি আছে xohi ase | ||
| - | সহি থকা নাই xohi thoka nai | ||||||
| Past | |||||||
| Simple | + | সহিলোঁ xohilü͂ |
সহিলি xohili |
সহিলা xohila |
সহিলে xohile | ||
| - | নসহিলোঁ noxohilü͂ |
নসহিলি noxohili |
নসহিলা noxohila |
নসহিলে noxohile | |||
| Imperfective | + | সহিছিলোঁ xohisilü͂ |
সহিছিলি xohisili |
সহিছিলা xohisila |
সহিছিলে xohisile | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| সহা নাছিলোঁ xoha nasilü͂ |
সহা নাছিলি xoha nasili |
সহা নাছিলা xoha nasila |
সহা নাছিলে xoha nasile | ||||
| Habitual | |||||||
| নসহিছিলোঁ noxohisilü͂ |
নসহিছিলি noxohisili |
নসহিছিলা noxohisila |
নসহিছিলে noxohisile | ||||
| Continuous | + | সহি আছিলোঁ xohi asilü͂ |
সহি আছিলি xohi asili |
সহি আছিলা xohi asila |
সহি আছিলে xohi asile | ||
| - | সহি থকা নাছিলোঁ xohi thoka nasilü͂ |
সহি থকা নাছিলি xohi thoka nasili |
সহি থকা নাছিলা xohi thoka nasila |
সহি থকা নাছিলে xohi thoka nasile | |||
| Future | |||||||
| Indicative | + | সহিম xohim |
সহিবি xohibi |
সহিবা xohiba |
সহিব xohibo | ||
| - | Indicative | ||||||
| নসহোঁ noxohü͂ |
নসহ noxoho |
নসহা noxoha |
নসহে noxohe | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| নসহিম noxohim |
নসহিবি noxohibi |
নসহিবা noxohiba |
নসহিব noxohibo | ||||
| Continuous | + | সহি থাকিম xohi thakim |
সহি থাকিবি xohi thakibi |
সহি থাকিবা xohi thakiba |
সহি থাকিব xohi thakibo | ||
| - | |||||||
| Indicative | |||||||
| সহি নাথাকোঁ xohi nathakü̃ |
সহি নাথাক xohi nathako |
সহি নাথাকা xohi nathaka |
সহি নাথাকে xohi nathake | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| সহি নাথাকিম xohi nathakim |
সহি নাথাকিবি xohi nathakibi |
সহি নাথাকিবা xohi nathakiba |
সহি নাথাকিব xohi nathakibo | ||||
| Others | |||||||
| Imperative | + | সহোঁ xohü͂ |
সহ xoh |
সহা xoha |
সহক xohok | ||
| - | — | নসহিবি noxohibi |
নসহিবা noxohiba |
নসহিব noxohibo | |||
| ❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোঁহঁক (ami korü̃hõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle). | |||||||
| ❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns. | |||||||
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀇 (sahaï), from Sanskrit सह॑ते (sáhate), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáȷ́ʰatay, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-. Cognate with Assamese সহা (xoha), Hindustani सहना (sahnā) / سہنا (sahnā).
সহা • (śôha)
| verbal noun | সওয়া (shoōẇa) |
|---|---|
| infinitive | সইতে (shoite) |
| progressive participle | সইতে-সইতে (shoite-shoite) |
| conditional participle | সইলে (shoile) |
| perfect participle | সয়ে (shoẏe) |
| habitual participle | সয়ে-সয়ে (shoẏe-shoẏe) |
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| very familiar | familiar | familiar | polite | |||
| simple present | সই (shoi) | সোস (shoś) | সও (shoō) | সয় (shoẏ) | সন (shon) | |
| present continuous | সইছি (shoichi) | সইছিস (shoichiś) | সইছ (shoicho) | সইছে (shoiche) | সইছেন (shoichen) | |
| present perfect | সয়েছি (shoẏechi) | সয়েছিস (shoẏechiś) | সয়েছ (shoẏecho) | সয়েছে (shoẏeche) | সয়েছেন (shoẏechen) | |
| simple past | সইলাম (shoilam) | সইলি (shoili) | সইলে (shoile) | সইল (shoilo) | সইলেন (shoilen) | |
| past continuous | সইছিলাম (shoichilam) | সইছিলি (shoichili) | সইছিলে (shoichile) | সইছিল (shoichilo) | সইছিলেন (shoichilen) | |
| past perfect | সয়েছিলাম (shoẏechilam) | সয়েছিলি (shoẏechili) | সয়েছিলে (shoẏechile) | সয়েছিল (shoẏechilo) | সয়েছিলেন (shoẏechilen) | |
| habitual/conditional past | সইতাম (shoitam) | সইতিস/সইতি (shoitiś/shoiti) | সইতে (shoite) | সইত (shoito) | সইতেন (shoiten) | |
| future | সইব (shoibo) | সইবি (shoibi) | সইবে (shoibe) | সইবে (shoibe) | সইবেন (shoiben) | |
| verbal noun | সহা (shôha) |
|---|---|
| infinitive | সহিতে (shohite) |
| progressive participle | সহিতে-সহিতে (shohite-shohite) |
| conditional participle | সহিলে (shohile) |
| perfect participle | সহিয়া (shohiẏa) |
| habitual participle | সহিয়া-সহিয়া (shohiẏa-shohiẏa) |
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| very familiar | familiar | familiar | polite | |||
| simple present | সহি (shohi) | সহিস (shohish) | সহ (shôho) | সহে (shôhe) | সহেন (shôhen) | |
| present continuous | সহিতেছি (shohitechi) | সহিতেছিস (shohitechish) | সহিতেছ (shohitecho) | সহিতেছে (shohiteche) | সহিতেছেন (shohitechen) | |
| present perfect | সহিয়াছি (shohiẏachi) | সহিয়াছিস (shohiẏachish) | সহিয়াছ (shohiẏacho) | সহিয়াছে (shohiẏache) | সহিয়াছেন (shohiẏachen) | |
| simple past | সহিলাম/সহিনু (shohilam/shohinu) | সহিলি (shohili) | সহিলা (shohila) | সহিল (shohilo) | সহিলেন (shohilen) | |
| past continuous | সহিতেছিলাম/সহিতেছিনু (shohitechilam/shohitechinu) | সহিতেছিলি (shohitechili) | সহিতেছিলা (shohitechila) | সহিতেছিল (shohitechilo) | সহিতেছিলেন (shohitechilen) | |
| past perfect | সহিয়াছিলাম/সহিয়াছিনু (shohiẏachilam/shohiẏachinu) | সহিয়াছিলি (shohiẏachili) | সহিয়াছিলা (shohiẏachila) | সহিয়াছিল (shohiẏachilo) | সহিয়াছিলেন (shohiẏachilen) | |
| habitual/conditional past | সহিতাম (shohitam) | সহিতিস/সহিতি (shohitish/shohiti) | সহিতা (shohita) | সহিত (shohito) | সহিতেন (shohiten) | |
| future | সহিব (shohibo) | সহিবি (shohibi) | সহিবা (shohiba) | সহিবে (shohibe) | সহিবেন (shohiben) | |