ἧμαι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ḗsti, from *h₁eh₁s- (“to sit”) (with cognates in Indo-Iranian and Anatolian), which may be an extension of *h₁es- (“to be”).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit आस्ते (ā́ste, “to stay; to sit”), Avestan 𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬈 (āste), Hittite (ēša), Hittite (āšzi).[2] The initial /h/ is due to influence from etymologically unrelated forms derived from *sed- (“to sit”).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἧμαι • (hêmai)

  1. to sit, be seated; to lie, be situated
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.498:
      εὗρεν δ’ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων
      heûren d’ eurúopa Kronídēn áter hḗmenon állōn
      There she found the far-seeing son of Cronos sitting apart from the rest
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.509:
      τὴν δ’ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι
      tḕn d’ hetérēn pólin amphì dúō stratoì hḗato laôn teúkhesi lampómenoi
      About the other city there lay encamped two hosts in gleaming armour
    1. to lie hid

Inflection

The missing tenses are supplied by ἕζομαι (hézomai), ἵζω (hízō) and ἵζομαι (hízomai).

   Perfect: ἧμαι with present meaning
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἧμαι ἧσαι ἧσται ἧσθον ἧσθον ἥμεθᾰ ἧσθε ἥαται,
εἵαται,
ἕαται
subjunctive ἥμενος ὦ ἥμενος ᾖς ἥμενος ᾖ ἥμενω ἦτον ἥμενω ἦτον ἥμενοι ὦμεν ἥμενοι ἦτε ἥμενοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἥμενος εἴην ἥμενος εἴης ἥμενος εἴη ἥμενω εἴητον/εἶτον ἥμενω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἥμενοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἥμενοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἥμενοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἧσο ἥσθω ἧσθον ἥσθων   ἧσθε ἥσθων
infinitive ἧσθαι
participle m ἥμενος
f ἥμενη
n ἥμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἥμην with imperfect meaning
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἥμην ἧσο ἧστο ἧσθον ἥσθην ἥμεθᾰ ἧσθε ἥατο,
εἵατο,
ἕατο,
ἧντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἧμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 518
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 296

Further reading

  • “ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἧμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἧμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἧμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ἧμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 789
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