ὀδύνη

From Proto-Indo-European *Hed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”), traditionally derived further from *h₁ed- (“to eat”), and compared with Albanian dhunë (“violence, use of force; damage, injury”), Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”), and Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”), as well as ὀδύρομαι (odúromai, “to wail”) and Lithuanian ėdžiótis (“to trouble oneself”).

However, Beekes instead identifies the initial laryngeal as *h₃, and the further root as Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite, sting”), and adduces Lithuanian úodas (“gnat”) as cognate, as well as perhaps ὄζω (ózō, “to have a smell”), ὠδίς (ōdís, “throes of childbirth, anguish”), noting that the multiple senses of *h₃ed- ("stink", "hate", "bite") may all stem from an original meaning of "sting".^[1]

ὀδύνη • (odúnē) f (genitive ὀδύνης); first declension

1. pain of body
2. pain of mind, grief, distress

• Greek: οδύνη (odýni)

• “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀδύνη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀδύνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὀδύνη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὀδύνη”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011