器械

器械

1. apparatus; equipment
2. weapon; arm
3. (literary, archaic) various kinds of ritual objects and armor

• (apparatus):

• (weapon):

• 器材 (qìcái)
• 器具 (qìjù)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

機械

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Machine

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 器械 (MC khijH heajH, “apparatus; weapon”, literally “utensil; tool + weapon; implement”).

First appears in Japanese in a text from 718 CE with the 器械 spelling and a sense of weapon.^[1]

Later appears in a text from 1520 as 機械 (kikai) with a sense of apparatus, device, machine, mechanism,^[1] replacing 器 (ki, “utensil; tool”) with 機 (ki, “weaving loom; apparatus”) and reflecting changes in usage and meaning. This spelling may be a Japanese innovation, and it only becomes prominent from around 1874.^[2] Prior to that, this term was more commonly written with the original 器械 spelling.^[2]

In modern Japanese, some definitions distinguish the 機械 and 器械 spellings with 機械 used for those machines that include their own motive power, and 器械 for those that have no power of their own.^[1][3] General usage appears to be broader, differentiating the two spellings by the size of the item, with 器械 used for a smaller apparatus or device, and 機械 used for a larger apparatus or equipment.^[1][4] These broad distinctions generally also hold true for the suffixes 器 (-ki) and 機 (-ki).

• (Tokyo) きかい (Nakadaka – )^[4][5][6]
• IPA^(key):

器(き)械(かい) • (kikai) 

1. 機械, 器械: any powered mechanical device for performing work

   Sometimes more specifically distinguished such that a 機械 (kikai) comprises a motive power source, a means of transmitting that force, and a component that performs the work, whereas any mechanism that does not have all three would be a 器械 (kikai).^[1][3]

   1. 器械: a device, an appliance, a mechanism

      Synonym: (“device, equipment, apparatus”; general term) 装置 (sōchi)

   2. 機械: a machine, equipment, an apparatus

      Synonyms: (“device, equipment, apparatus”; general term) 装置 (sōchi), (“equipment, machine, facilities”; something bigger that must often be installed) 設備 (setsubi)

      • 1999 March 27, “ホログラー [Holograr]”, in Vol.2, Konami:

        様(さま)々(ざま)な幻(げん)想(そう)を見(み)せ、そのスキをついて攻(こう)撃(げき)してくる機(き)械(かい)。

        Samazama na gensō o mise, sono suki o tsuite kōgeki shite kuru kikai.

        This machine generates illusions that open a window for its attacks.

2. 器械: a utensil, a tool, an instrument

   Synonyms: (“utensil”) 器具 (kigu), (“tool”) 道具 (dōgu)

3. 器械: a tool for conducting a test or experiment or for measurement

   Synonym: (“gauge, measurement device”) 測定器 (sokuteiki)

4. 機械, 器械: (archaic) a clockwork, a mechanism, especially one using strings and pulleys

   Synonym: からくり (karakuri)

5. 機械: (uncommon, biology) an internal organ, biological machinery

   Synonyms: (“an organ” in general) 器官 (kikan), (“an internal organ” more specifically) 臓器 (sōki), (“internal organ”, often in the aggregate) 内臓 (naizō)

6. 機械: (uncommon) a means for accomplishing a goal

   Synonym: (a means in general) 手段 (shudan)

7. 器械: (rare) manipulation or control of another person's behavior to act according to one's own will; a person so controlled

   Synonym: (“marionette, puppet”) 操り人形 (ayatsuri ningyō)

8. 器械: (obsolete) a weapon

   Synonym: (modern term) 武器 (buki)

器械 • (gigye) (hangeul 기계)

1. hanja form^? of 기계 (“instrument”)

器械

1. chữ Hán form of khí giới (“weapon; arm”).