泥土

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Chinese

		restrained; mud; paste restrained; mud; paste; pulp	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
trad. (泥土)		泥	土
simp. ^#(泥土)		泥	土

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nítǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nai⁴ tou²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nài-thú
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nî-thó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ni⁵ tou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nítǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nítǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ni²-tʻu³
  - Yale: ní-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nituu
  - Palladius: ниту (nitu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nai⁴ tou²
  - Yale: nàih tóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nai⁴ tou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: nei⁴ tou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐi̯²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nài-thú
  - Hakka Romanization System: nai^ˇ tu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nai² tu³
  - Sinological IPA: /nai̯¹¹ tʰu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî-thó͘
  - Tâi-lô: nî-thóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ni'tor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ni⁵ tou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nî thóu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰou⁵²/

Middle Chinese: nej thuX

Rime
Character	泥	土
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	奴低切	他魯切
Baxter	nej	thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nei/	/tʰuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/nei/	/tʰuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛi/	/tʰo^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛj/	/tʰɔ^X/
Li Rong	/nei/	/tʰo^X/
Wang Li	/niei/	/tʰu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/niei/	/tʰuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ní	tǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nai⁴	tou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤ tʰˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*niːl l̥ʰaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泥	土
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ní	tǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ nej ›	‹ thu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nˁ/	/*tʰˁaʔ/
English	mud	earth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泥	土
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9417	12499
Phonetic component	尼	土
Rime group	脂	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	泥	土
Old Chinese	/*niːl/	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Noun

泥土

earth; soil
clay

Synonyms

(earth; soil): (Hokkien, Teochew) 塗

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (泥土):

→ Japanese: 泥(でい)土(ど) (deido)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
泥	土
でい Grade: S	ど Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

泥(でい)土(ど) • (deido)

mud
- 1941, 徳永直, こんにゃく売り:
  私(わたし)は着物(きもの)についた泥土(でいど)をはらって、もう一度(いちど)お辞儀(じぎ)した。
  Watashi wa kimono ni tsuita deido o haratte, mō ichi do o-jigi shita.
  I brushed off some mud stuck to my kimono and bowed once more.

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