謝罪

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See also: 谢罪

Chinese

to decline; to thank; gratitude
guilt; crime; fault
guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
 
trad. (謝罪) 謝 罪
simp. (谢罪) 谢 罪

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 謝 罪
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 麻 (100) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 辝夜切 徂賄切
Baxter zjaeH dzwojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ziaH/ /d͡zuʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziaH/ /d͡zuoiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziaH/ /d͡zuɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ziaH/ /d͡zwəjX/
Li
Rong 		/ziaH/ /d͡zuᴀiX/
Wang
Li 		/zĭaH/ /d͡zuɒiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯aH/ /d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiè zuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ze6 zeoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 謝 罪
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiè zuì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjaeH › ‹ dzwojX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sə-lAk-s/ /*ˁujʔ/
English decline, renounce crime, offense

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 謝 罪
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11221 17981
Phonetic
component 		射 罪
Rime
group 		暮 微
Rime
subdivision 		0 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		謝 辠
Old
Chinese 		/*ljaːɡs/ /*zuːlʔ/
Notes 同辠

Verb

謝罪

  1. to acknowledge one's error and seek forgiveness

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (謝罪):
  • → Japanese: 謝罪(しゃざい) (shazai)
  • → Korean: 사죄(謝罪) (sajoe)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
謝 罪
しゃ
Grade: 5 		ざい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

謝(しゃ)罪(ざい) • (shazai) 

  1. apology

Verb

謝(しゃ)罪(ざい)する • (shazai suru) transitive suru (stem 謝(しゃ)罪(ざい)し (shazai shi), past 謝(しゃ)罪(ざい)した (shazai shita))

  1. to apologize

Conjugation

Conjugation of "謝罪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 謝罪し しゃざいし shazai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 謝罪し しゃざいし shazai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 謝罪する しゃざいする shazai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 謝罪する しゃざいする shazai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 謝罪すれ しゃざいすれ shazai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 謝罪せよ¹
謝罪しろ² 		しゃざいせよ¹
しゃざいしろ² 		shazai seyo¹
shazai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 謝罪される しゃざいされる shazai sareru
Causative 謝罪させる
謝罪さす 		しゃざいさせる
しゃざいさす 		shazai saseru
shazai sasu
Potential 謝罪できる しゃざいできる shazai dekiru
Volitional 謝罪しよう しゃざいしよう shazai shiyō
Negative 謝罪しない しゃざいしない shazai shinai
Negative continuative 謝罪せず しゃざいせず shazai sezu
Formal 謝罪します しゃざいします shazai shimasu
Perfective 謝罪した しゃざいした shazai shita
Conjunctive 謝罪して しゃざいして shazai shite
Hypothetical conditional 謝罪すれば しゃざいすれば shazai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
謝罪

Noun

謝罪 • (sajoe) (hangeul 사죄)

  1. hanja form? of 사죄 (“apology”)
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