친구
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Korean
Etymology
Sino-Korean word from 親舊 (“kith and kin”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
Audio: (file)
- Phonetic hangul:
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chin'gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chingu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'in'gu |
| Yale Romanization? | chinkwu |
Noun
| South Korean Standard Language |
친구(親舊) (chin'gu) |
|---|---|
| North Korean Standard Language |
동무 (dongmu) |
- friend
- (colloquial, often derogatory) fellow, chap, guy
Usage notes
- 친구 (chin'gu) usually implies an equality in the relationship. Due to the strict hierarchy of contemporary Korean society, 친구 (chin'gu) tends to be used mainly for people of equal age, i.e. people who were born in the same year; or equal hierarchical status, e.g. same grade in a school. If a tenth-grader is friends with an eleventh-grader, the former will usually refer to the latter as 친한 선배 (chinhan seonbae, “senior friendly with”) rather than as 친구 (chin'gu).
- Before the division of Korea in 1945 and the installment of a Communist government in North Korea, the common word for "friend" was 동무 (dongmu). 친구 (chin'gu) had formal overtones and was not generally used by children. However, the North Korean government used 동무 (dongmu) as its translation for "comrade," which made the word ideologically unwelcome in South Korea following the Korean War. 동무 (dongmu) was thus replaced by 친구 (chin'gu) in South Korea.
Derived terms
- 남자친구(男子親舊) (namjachin'gu)
- 여자친구(女子親舊) (yeojachin'gu)