πτωχός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, since it is highly probable that πτώξ (ptṓx, “hare”) is related (with original meaning "who ducks away, the shy one"), it is probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the alternation χ/κ. See also πτάκα (ptáka, “hare”), πτήσσω (ptḗssō, “to duck (for fright)”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ptɔː.kʰós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ptoˈkʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ptoˈxos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ptoˈxos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ptoˈxos/

Noun

πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (genitive πτωχοῦ); second declension

beggar; one who crouches and cringes

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πτωχός; τοῦ πτωχοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πτωχός ho ptōkhós	τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ	οἱ πτωχοί hoi ptōkhoí
Genitive	τοῦ πτωχοῦ toû ptōkhoû	τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn	τῶν πτωχῶν tôn ptōkhôn
Dative	τῷ πτωχῷ tôi ptōkhôi	τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn	τοῖς πτωχοῖς toîs ptōkhoîs
Accusative	τὸν πτωχόν tòn ptōkhón	τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ	τοὺς πτωχούς toùs ptōkhoús
Vocative	πτωχέ ptōkhé	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχοί ptōkhoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Adjective

πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (feminine πτωχή, neuter πτωχόν); first/second declension

poor, beggarly
Synonym: πένης (pénēs)

Inflection

First and second declension of πτωχός; πτωχή; πτωχόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πτωχός ptōkhós	πτωχή ptōkhḗ	πτωχόν ptōkhón	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχοί ptōkhoí	πτωχαί ptōkhaí	πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá
Genitive	πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû	πτωχῆς ptōkhês	πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû	πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn	πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn	πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn	πτωχῶν ptōkhôn	πτωχῶν ptōkhôn	πτωχῶν ptōkhôn
Dative	πτωχῷ ptōkhôi	πτωχῇ ptōkhêi	πτωχῷ ptōkhôi	πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn	πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn	πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn	πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs	πτωχαῖς ptōkhaîs	πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs
Accusative	πτωχόν ptōkhón	πτωχήν ptōkhḗn	πτωχόν ptōkhón	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχούς ptōkhoús	πτωχᾱ́ς ptōkhā́s	πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá
Vocative	πτωχέ ptōkhé	πτωχή ptōkhḗ	πτωχόν ptōkhón	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́	πτωχώ ptōkhṓ	πτωχοί ptōkhoí	πτωχαί ptōkhaí	πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πτωχῶς ptōkhôs			πτωχότερος ptōkhóteros			πτωχότᾰτος ptōkhótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

πτωχᾰλᾰζών (ptōkhalazṓn)
πτωχείᾱ (ptōkheíā)
πτωχελένη (ptōkhelénē)
πτωχεύω (ptōkheúō)
πτωχή (ptōkhḗ)
πτωχῐ́ζω (ptōkhízō)
πτωχῐκός (ptōkhikós)
πτωχῐ́στερος (ptōkhísteros)
πτωχόμουσος (ptōkhómousos)
πτωχοποιός (ptōkhopoiós)
πτωχότης (ptōkhótēs)
πτωχοτροφεῖον (ptōkhotropheîon)
πτωχότροφος (ptōkhótrophos)
πτωχοφᾰνής (ptōkhophanḗs)
πτωχῶς (ptōkhôs)
ὑπέρπτωχος (hupérptōkhos)

Descendants

→ English: ptochology
Greek: φτωχός (ftochós)
→ Italian: pitocco

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτωχός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1253

πτωχός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Further reading

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