बद्ध

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बद्ध (baddhá).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /bəd̪d̪ʱ/,

बद्ध • (baddh) (indeclinable)

1. bound, fastened, tied

   Synonym: बाँधा (bāndhā)

2. restrained, limited
3. fixed, joined; stuck

• -बद्ध (-baddh, “-bound”)
• बद्धी (baddhī)

बद्ध

1. Devanagari script form of baddha, which is past passive participle of बन्धति (bandhati, “to bind”)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (basta), Old Persian 𐎲𐎿𐎫 (b-s-t /⁠basta⁠/). Synchronically analysable as बन्ध् (bandh, root) +‎ -त (-ta).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /bɐd.dʱɐ́/,
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbɐd̪.d̪ʱɐ/,

बद्ध • (baddhá) past passive participle (root बन्ध्)

1. past passive participle of बन्ध् (bandh)

बद्ध • (baddha) stem

1. bound, tied
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.3:

     च॒त्वारि॒ शृङ्गा॒ त्रयो॑ अस्य॒ पादा॒ द्वे शी॒र्षे स॒प्त हस्ता॑सो अस्य ।
     त्रिधा॑ ब॒द्धो वृ॑ष॒भो रो॑रवीति म॒हो दे॒वो मर्त्याँ॒ आ वि॑वेश ॥

     catvā́ri śṛ́ṅgā tráyo asya pā́dā dvé śīrṣé saptá hástāso asya.
     trídhā baddhó vṛṣabhó roravīti mahó devó mártyām̐ ā́ viveśa.

     Four are his horns, three are the feet that bear him; his heads are two, his hands are seven in number.
     Bound thrice, the Steer roars loudly: the mighty God hath entered in to mortals.

2. fettered, chained
3. fixed, fastened
4. captured, imprisoned, caught, confined
5. bound by the fetters of existence or evil
6. hanged, hung
7. tied up (as a braid of hair)

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀥 (badha /⁠baddha⁠/)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
    • Gujarati: બાધું (bādhũ)
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਬੱਧਾ (baddhā)

      Shahmukhi script: بَدّھا (baddhā)

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: ٻَڌو

      Devanagari script: ॿधो

• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: බද (bada)
• Pali: baddha
• → Bengali: বদ্ধ (boddho)
• → Gujarati: બદ્ધ (baddh)
• → Hindi: बद्ध (baddh)
• → Kannada: ಬದ್ಧ (baddha)
• → Malayalam: ബദ്ധം (baddhaṁ)
• → Marathi: बद्ध (baddha)

• Monier Williams (1899) “बद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 719/3, 720/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 208