राष्ट्र

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Hindi

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Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra). Doublet of राठ (rāṭh), a tadbhava; see also मराठा (marāṭhā).

Pronunciation

Noun

राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) m (Urdu spelling راشٹر)

  1. nation (sovereign state)
    Synonyms: देश (deś), राज्य (rājya)
    दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध के दौरान, स्पेन तटस्थ राष्ट्र था।
    dūsre viśvayuddh ke daurān, spen taṭasth rāṣṭra thā.
    During the Second World War, Spain was a neutral nation.
  2. nation (community of people having a common identity)
    हिंदू राष्ट्र ― hindū rāṣṭra ― the Hindu nation

Declension

Declension of राष्ट्र (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct राष्ट्र
rāṣṭra 		राष्ट्र
rāṣṭra
oblique राष्ट्र
rāṣṭra 		राष्ट्रों
rāṣṭrõ
vocative राष्ट्र
rāṣṭra 		राष्ट्रो
rāṣṭro

Derived terms

References

Marathi

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia mr

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ɾaʂ.ʈɾə/

Noun

राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) n or m

  1. country, realm, region; territory or tract
  2. assembled multitude, numerous company or concourse, host, swarm
  3. nation

Derived terms

Further reading

Nepali

Nepali Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ne

Pronunciation

Noun

राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra)

  1. nation, country
    Synonym: देश (deś)

References

  • “राष्ट्र”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  • Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “राष्ट्र”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-tro-m, from *h₃rḗǵs (“king”) (which was reinterpreted as being from a root *h₃rēǵ-) + *-trom (suffix denoting an instrument). See also राज् (rāj), राजन् (rājan).

Pronunciation

Noun

राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭrá) stem, n or m

  1. a kingdom, realm, empire, dominion, district, country
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.42.1:
      मम॑ द्वि॒ता रा॒ष्ट्रं क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य वि॒श्वायो॒र्विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॒ यथा॑ नः।
      क्रतुं॑ सचन्ते॒ वरु॑णस्य दे॒वा राजा॑मि कृ॒ष्टेरु॑प॒मस्य॑ व॒व्रेः॥
      máma dvitā́ rāṣṭráṃ kṣatríyasya viśvā́yorvíśve amṛ́tā yáthā naḥ.
      krátuṃ sacante váruṇasya devā́ rā́jāmi kṛṣṭérupamásya vavréḥ.
      Twofold is my empire, that of the whole kṣatriya race, and all the immortals are ours; the gods associate me with the acts of Varuṇa; I rule over (those) of the proximate form of man.
  2. a people, nation, subjects
  3. public calamity such as plague, famine, etc.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of राष्ट्र (rāṣṭrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative राष्ट्रम्
rāṣṭrám 		राष्ट्रे
rāṣṭré 		राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹
rāṣṭrā́ṇi / rāṣṭrā́¹
Vocative राष्ट्र
rā́ṣṭra 		राष्ट्रे
rā́ṣṭre 		राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹
rā́ṣṭrāṇi / rā́ṣṭrā¹
Accusative राष्ट्रम्
rāṣṭrám 		राष्ट्रे
rāṣṭré 		राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹
rāṣṭrā́ṇi / rāṣṭrā́¹
Instrumental राष्ट्रेण
rāṣṭréṇa 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrā́bhyām 		राष्ट्रैः / राष्ट्रेभिः¹
rāṣṭraíḥ / rāṣṭrébhiḥ¹
Dative राष्ट्राय
rāṣṭrā́ya 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrā́bhyām 		राष्ट्रेभ्यः
rāṣṭrébhyaḥ
Ablative राष्ट्रात्
rāṣṭrā́t 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrā́bhyām 		राष्ट्रेभ्यः
rāṣṭrébhyaḥ
Genitive राष्ट्रस्य
rāṣṭrásya 		राष्ट्रयोः
rāṣṭráyoḥ 		राष्ट्राणाम्
rāṣṭrā́ṇām
Locative राष्ट्रे
rāṣṭré 		राष्ट्रयोः
rāṣṭráyoḥ 		राष्ट्रेषु
rāṣṭréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Masculine a-stem declension of राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative राष्ट्रः
rāṣṭraḥ 		राष्ट्रौ
rāṣṭrau 		राष्ट्राः
rāṣṭrāḥ
Vocative राष्ट्र
rāṣṭra 		राष्ट्रौ
rāṣṭrau 		राष्ट्राः
rāṣṭrāḥ
Accusative राष्ट्रम्
rāṣṭram 		राष्ट्रौ
rāṣṭrau 		राष्ट्रान्
rāṣṭrān
Instrumental राष्ट्रेण
rāṣṭreṇa 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrābhyām 		राष्ट्रैः
rāṣṭraiḥ
Dative राष्ट्राय
rāṣṭrāya 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrābhyām 		राष्ट्रेभ्यः
rāṣṭrebhyaḥ
Ablative राष्ट्रात्
rāṣṭrāt 		राष्ट्राभ्याम्
rāṣṭrābhyām 		राष्ट्रेभ्यः
rāṣṭrebhyaḥ
Genitive राष्ट्रस्य
rāṣṭrasya 		राष्ट्रयोः
rāṣṭrayoḥ 		राष्ट्राणाम्
rāṣṭrāṇām
Locative राष्ट्रे
rāṣṭre 		राष्ट्रयोः
rāṣṭrayoḥ 		राष्ट्रेषु
rāṣṭreṣu

The masculine only occurs in non-Vedic texts.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Borrowed terms

Proper noun

राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) stem, m

  1. name of a king (son of काशि)

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “राष्ट्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0879/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 449-50
  • Haughton, Graves C. (1833) “ৰাষ্ট্ৰ”, in A Dictionary, Bengálí and Sanskrit, Explained in English, and Adapted for Students of Either Language‎, London: J. L. Cox & Son, page 2397
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “rāṣṭra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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