同じ

Japanese

Etymology 1

⟨onazi⟩ → /onaʑi/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ənansi.

An irregular adjective even in Classical Japanese (where the attributive form was usually 同じ), it has become more irregular in the modern language, mixing attributes of -i adjectives and -na adjectives (and sometimes neither).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “explain shift from -shiku to -nari to no conjugation needed.”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おなじ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Adjective

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

1. same, identical

   その本(ほん)は同(おな)じ著者(ちょしゃ)による。

   Sono hon wa onaji chosha ni yoru.

   That book is written by the same author.

2. common, similar

Usage notes

• In modern Japanese, the adjective normally follows -na inflection (形容動詞), but modifies a noun directly without the suffix な (-na).

  同(おな)じ空(そら)の下(した) ― onaji sora no shita ― under the same sky

• When attaching ので or のに, な is still needed as in 同じなので or 同じなのに.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

Idioms

Proverbs

• 一寸(いっすん)切(き)らるるも二寸切(にすんき)らるるも同(おな)じ事(こと) (issun kiraruru mo nisun kiraruru mo onaji koto)
• 下駄(げた)も仏(ほとけ)も同(おな)じ木(き)のきれ (geta mo hotoke mo onaji ki no kire)
• 田(た)を行(ゆ)くも畔(あぜ)を行(ゆ)くも同(おな)じ道(みち) (ta o yuku mo aze o yuku mo onaji michi)

Adverb

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

1. anyhow, anyway

Noun

同(おな)じ • (onaji) 

1. (informal) The iteration mark 々, which indicates that the previous kanji ought to be repeated.

   Synonyms: 漢字返し (kanji gaeshi), 同の字点 (dō no jiten), ノマ (noma), 繰り返し (kurikaeshi), 同じく (onajiku)

Etymology 2

/onaʑi/ → /onːaʑi/

Long-pronounced form of onaji above.

Compare 南 (minami → minnami, “south”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おんなじ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Adjective

同(おんな)じ • (onnaji) 

1. (colloquial) same, identical
2. (colloquial) common, similar

Conjugation

Adverb

同(おんな)じ • (onnaji) 

1. (colloquial) anyhow, anyway

Etymology 3

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative”) forms of various verbs.

Verb

同(どう)じ • (dōji) 

1. imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 同じる (dōjiru) : agreeing
2. imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 同ずる (dōzuru) : agreeing

See also

• 同(どう)じる (dōjiru, “to agree”)
• 等(ひと)しい (hitoshii, “equal, same”)

References

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Possibly derived from pronoun 己 (ono₂, “I, oneself”) + adjectival suffix し (-si).

• *⟨ono₂ zi⟩ (unattested) → ⟨onazi⟩ → /onaʑi/

Adjective

同じ (onazi) (kana おなじ)

1. same, identical
2. common, similar

Conjugation

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

Descendants

• Japanese: 同じ (onaji)

Etymology 2

Derived from 祖 (oya, “parent, ancestor”) + adjectival suffix し (-si).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Why this is obsolete?”)

Adjective

同じ (oyazi) (kana おやじ)

1. same, identical
2. common, similar

Conjugation

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:同じ.

References