商民

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Chinese

		commerce; consult	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (商民)		商	民
simp. ^#(商民)		商	民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāngmín

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤㄇㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ man⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāngmín
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shangmín
  - Wade–Giles: shang¹-min²
  - Yale: shāng-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangmin
  - Palladius: шанминь (šanminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng¹ man⁴
  - Yale: sēung màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: syang mjin

Rime
Character	商	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	式羊切	彌鄰切
Baxter	syang	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ/	/min/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shāng	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng¹	man⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-taŋ mi/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	商	商	商	民
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shāng	shāng	shāng	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ syang ›	‹ syang ›	‹ syang ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*s-taŋ/	/*s-taŋ/	/*s-taŋ/	/*mi/
English	musical note	(place name)	estimate; business; trader	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	商	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11097	9130
Phonetic component	商	民
Rime group	陽	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	商	民
Old Chinese	/*hljaŋ/	/*min/

Noun

商民

(formal) merchant
- 出席的人，縣長以外，為縣農民協會、縣總工會、縣商民協會、縣女界聯合會、縣教職員聯合會、縣學生聯合會以及國民黨縣黨部的代表們。 [MSC, trad.]
  出席的人，县长以外，为县农民协会、县总工会、县商民协会、县女界联合会、县教职员联合会、县学生联合会以及国民党县党部的代表们。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Chūxí de rén, xiànzhǎng yǐwài, wéi xiàn nóngmín xiéhuì, xiàn zǒnggōnghuì, xiàn shāngmín xiéhuì, xiàn nǚjiè liánhéhuì, xiàn jiàozhíyuán liánhéhuì, xiàn xuéshēng liánhéhuì yǐjí Guómíndǎng xiàn dǎngbù de dàibiǎomen.
  Besides the magistrate himself, the people attending are the representatives of the county peasant association, trade union council, merchant association, women's association, school staff association, student association and Kuomintang headquarters.

Synonyms

商人 (shāngrén)
商家佬 (soeng¹ gaa¹ lou²) (Cantonese)
生意人 (shēngyirén)
生意佬 (saang¹ ji³ lou², “businessman”) (Cantonese)
生理人 (Hakka, Hokkien)
老客 (lǎokè) (literary)
賈人／贾人 (gǔrén) (literary)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (商民):

→ Korean: 상민(商民) (sangmin)

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