形而上

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Chinese

to appear; to look; form
to appear; to look; form; shape
 
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
 
up; on; on top
up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
 
simp. and trad.
(形而上) 		形 而 上

Etymology

From I Ching (translated by Adler, 2020[1]):

是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
Shìgù, xíng ér shàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng ér xià zhě wèi zhī qì.
Therefore what is above form is called the Way; what is within form is called implements.

Pronunciation

Noun

形而上

  1. (philosophy) abstract or intangible things

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Zhu Xi (2020) Joseph A. Adler, transl., The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change, New York: Columbia University Press, pages 284, 386

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形 而 上
けい
Grade: 2 		じ
Jinmeiyō 		じょう
Grade: 1
kan'on goon

Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English abstract, based on the phrase 形而上者謂之道 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう) • (keijijō) ←けいじじやう (keizizyau)?

  1. (philosophy) abstract or intangible things
    Antonym: 形而下 (keijika)

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “形而上”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎, University of Tokyo, page 1
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
形而上

Noun

形而上 • (hyeong'isang) (hangeul 형이상)

  1. hanja form? of 형이상
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