憂心忡忡

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See also: 忧心忡忡

Chinese

		worried mind; troubled heart; to be worried worried mind; troubled heart; to be worried; to be concerned	worried; laden with anxiety; drooping
trad. (憂心忡忡)		憂心	忡忡
simp. (忧心忡忡)		忧心	忡忡

Etymology

Occurred a few times in the Classic of Poetry, for example, in poem 14 (《詩經·召南·草蟲》):

喓喓草蟲，趯趯阜螽。
未見君子，憂心忡忡。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

喓喓草虫，趯趯阜螽。
未见君子，忧心忡忡。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Yāoyāo cǎochóng, yuèyuè fùzhōng.
Wèi jiàn jūnzǐ, yōuxīn chōngchōng.

Yao-yao went the grass-insects, And the hoppers sprang about.
While I do not see my lord, My sorrowful heart is agitated.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōuxīnchōngchōng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄒㄧㄣㄔㄨㄥㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ sam¹ cung¹ cung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōuxīnchōngchōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄒㄧㄣㄔㄨㄥㄔㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yousinchongchong
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹-hsin¹-chʻung¹-chʻung¹
  - Yale: yōu-syīn-chūng-chūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ioushinchongchong
  - Palladius: юсиньчунчун (jusinʹčunčun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ sam¹ cung¹ cung¹
  - Yale: yāu sām chūng chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ sam¹ tsung¹ tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ sem¹ cung¹ cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'juw sim trhjuwng trhjuwng

Rime
Character	憂	心	忡
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	心 (16)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	侵 (139)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	於求切	息林切	敕中切
Baxter	'juw	sim	trhjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨu/	/siɪm/	/ʈʰɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiu/	/sim/	/ʈʰiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiəu/	/sjem/	/ȶʰiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuw/	/sim/	/ʈʰuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiu/	/siəm/	/ȶʰiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭəu/	/sĭĕm/	/ȶʰĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ə̯u/	/si̯əm/	/ȶʰi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu	xīn	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹	sam¹	cung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)u səm tʰruŋ tʰruŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qu slɯm tʰuŋ tʰuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憂	心	忡
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu	xīn	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjuw ›	‹ sim ›	‹ trhjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)u/	/*səm/	/*tʰruŋ/
English	grief, grieved	heart	grieved, agitated
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憂	心	忡
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	15493	13801	17412
Phonetic component	憂	心	中
Rime group	幽	侵	終
Rime subdivision	1	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	憂	心	忡
Old Chinese	/*qu/	/*slɯm/	/*tʰuŋ/

Idiom

憂心忡忡

worried and anxious

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