捏造
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Chinese
| to pinch (with one's fingers); to knead; to make up | to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (捏造) | 捏 | 造 | |
| simp. #(捏造) | 捏 | 造 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝ ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: niezào
- Wade–Giles: nieh1-tsao4
- Yale: nyē-dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nhietzaw
- Palladius: нецзао (neczao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: nip6 zou6
- Yale: nihp jouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: nip9 dzou6
- Guangdong Romanization: nib6 zou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /niːp̚² t͡sou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiap-chho
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiabˋ co
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiab5 co4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ap̚² t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p-chō
- Tâi-lô: lia̍p-tsō
- Phofsit Daibuun: liabzoi
- IPA (Xiamen): /liap̚⁴⁻³² t͡so²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /liap̚⁴⁻³² t͡so³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap-chǒ
- Tâi-lô: liap-tsǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap-chō
- Tâi-lô: liap-tsō
- Phofsit Daibuun: liapzoi
- IPA (Xiamen): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡so²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡so²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: niab4 zao6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niap tsău
- Sinological IPA (key): /niap̚²⁻⁴ t͡sau³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Verb
捏造
Synonyms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 捏 | 造 |
| ねつ Hyōgai |
ぞう Grade: 5 |
| goon | on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| ねつ造 |
Pronunciation
Noun
捏造 • (netsuzō) ←ねつざう (netuzau)?
Verb
捏造する • (netsuzō suru) ←ねつざう (netuzau)?transitive suru (stem 捏造し (netsuzō shi), past 捏造した (netsuzō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "捏造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 捏造し | ねつぞうし | netsuzō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 捏造し | ねつぞうし | netsuzō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 捏造する | ねつぞうする | netsuzō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 捏造する | ねつぞうする | netsuzō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 捏造すれ | ねつぞうすれ | netsuzō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 捏造せよ¹ 捏造しろ² |
ねつぞうせよ¹ ねつぞうしろ² |
netsuzō seyo¹ netsuzō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 捏造される | ねつぞうされる | netsuzō sareru | |
| Causative | 捏造させる 捏造さす |
ねつぞうさせる ねつぞうさす |
netsuzō saseru netsuzō sasu | |
| Potential | 捏造できる | ねつぞうできる | netsuzō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 捏造しよう | ねつぞうしよう | netsuzō shiyō | |
| Negative | 捏造しない | ねつぞうしない | netsuzō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 捏造せず | ねつぞうせず | netsuzō sezu | |
| Formal | 捏造します | ねつぞうします | netsuzō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 捏造した | ねつぞうした | netsuzō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 捏造して | ねつぞうして | netsuzō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 捏造すれば | ねつぞうすれば | netsuzō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 捏 | 造 |
| でつ Hyōgai |
ぞう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
捏造 • (detsuzō) ←でつざう (detuzau)?
- (uncommon) Alternative form of 捏造 (netsuzō)
Verb
捏造する • (detsuzō suru) ←でつざう (detuzau)?transitive suru (stem 捏造し (detsuzō shi), past 捏造した (detsuzō shita))
- (uncommon) Alternative form of 捏造 (netsuzō)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "捏造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 捏造し | でつぞうし | detsuzō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 捏造し | でつぞうし | detsuzō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 捏造する | でつぞうする | detsuzō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 捏造する | でつぞうする | detsuzō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 捏造すれ | でつぞうすれ | detsuzō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 捏造せよ¹ 捏造しろ² |
でつぞうせよ¹ でつぞうしろ² |
detsuzō seyo¹ detsuzō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 捏造される | でつぞうされる | detsuzō sareru | |
| Causative | 捏造させる 捏造さす |
でつぞうさせる でつぞうさす |
detsuzō saseru detsuzō sasu | |
| Potential | 捏造できる | でつぞうできる | detsuzō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 捏造しよう | でつぞうしよう | detsuzō shiyō | |
| Negative | 捏造しない | でつぞうしない | detsuzō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 捏造せず | でつぞうせず | detsuzō sezu | |
| Formal | 捏造します | でつぞうします | detsuzō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 捏造した | でつぞうした | detsuzō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 捏造して | でつぞうして | detsuzō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 捏造すれば | でつぞうすれば | detsuzō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 捏 | 造 |
Noun
- hanja form? of 날조 (“fabrication”)