札

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

札 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木山 (DU), four-corner 4291₀, composition ⿰木乚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14422
• Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 札
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Transcribed ancient scripts

Etymology

“to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence”

The commentary to the Rites of Zhou by Zheng Xuan says that it is the word for “to die” in the ancient Yue (越) language, so it is possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (whence Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt > Vietnamese chết) (Norman and Mei, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.

Pronunciation

Definitions

札

1. letter; note

   • 客從遠方來，遺我一書札。 [MSC, trad.]
     客从远方来，遗我一书札。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 〈古詩十九首之第十七首．孟冬寒氣至〉"Nineteen Old Poems' No. 17: Early Winter Month's Cold Air is Come" in 《文選 (wénxuǎn)》 Selections of Refined Literature.

     Kè cóng yuǎnfāng lái, yí wǒ yī shūzhá.

     A visitor from afar came and left me a letter.

2. correspondence
3. ^† to die prematurely
4. ^† pestilence
5. ^† to die from pestilence
6. ^† small wooden strip for writing

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. bill
2. card

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふだ (fuda, 札, Jōyō); ふみた (fumita, 札); ふんだ (funda, 札); さね (sane, 札)

Etymology 1

/satu/ → /sat͡su/

From Middle Chinese 札 (MC tsreat).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​つ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

札(さつ) • (satsu) 

1. paper money, a bill, a (bank) note

Synonyms

• 紙(し)幣(へい) (shihei)

Etymology 2

/pumi ita/ → /ɸumita/ → /ɸunda/ → /ɸuda/

Originally a compound of 文(ふみ) (fumi, “writing”) + 板(いた) (ita, “board, plank”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふだ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda) 

1. a card, a plate, a tag
2. playing card

   一組(ひとくみ)の札(ふだ)

   hitokumi no fuda

   a deck of cards

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)

1. letter

Compounds

• 鄕札 (향찰, hyangchal)

Vietnamese

Han character

札: Hán Nôm readings: trát, trớt

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