欣然

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Chinese

happy
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
 
trad. (欣然) 欣 然
simp. #(欣然) 欣 然

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 欣 (57) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 許斤切 如延切
Baxter xj+n nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨn/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɨn/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiən/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨn/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong 		/xiən/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li 		/xĭən/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯ən/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan1 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn rán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjɨn › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰər/ /*a/
English rejoice so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 欣 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6665 10756
Phonetic
component 		斤 肰
Rime
group 		文 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		欣 然
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰɯn/ /*njen/

Adverb

欣然

  1. (literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (欣然):
  • → Japanese: 欣然(きんぜん) (kinzen)
  • → Korean: 흔연(欣然) (heunyeon)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
欣 然
きん
Jinmeiyō 		ぜん
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
忻然

Pronunciation

Adjective

欣(きん)然(ぜん) • (kinzen) ←きんぜん (kinzen)?†-tari (adnominal 欣(きん)然(ぜん)とした (kinzen to shita) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)たる (kinzen taru), adverbial 欣(きん)然(ぜん)と (kinzen to) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)として (kinzen to shite))

  1. (literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily
    • 1951, 日本国との平和条約の説明書
      日本全権(にっぽんぜんけん)はこの平和条約(へいわじょうやく)を欣然(きんぜん)受諾(じゅだく)する。
      Nippon zenken wa kono heiwa jōyaku o kinzen judaku suru.
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "欣然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 欣然たら きんぜんたら kinzentara
Continuative (連用形) 欣然と
欣然たり		 きんぜんと
きんぜんたり		 kinzento
kinzentari
Terminal (終止形) 欣然たり きんぜんたり kinzentari
Attributive (連体形) 欣然たる きんぜんたる kinzentaru
Realis (已然形) 欣然たれ きんぜんたれ kinzentare
Imperative (命令形) 欣然たれ きんぜんたれ kinzentare
Key constructions
Negative 欣然たらず きんぜんたらず kinzentarazu
Contrasting conjunction 欣然たれど きんぜんたれど kinzentaredo
Causal conjunction 欣然たれば きんぜんたれば kinzentareba
Conditional conjunction 欣然たらば きんぜんたらば kinzentaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 欣然たりき きんぜんたりき kinzentariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 欣然たりけり きんぜんたりけり kinzentarikeri
Adverbial 欣然と きんぜんと kinzento
Without auxiliary verb.
With auxiliary verb.

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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