耕耘

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 耕耘. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 耕耘, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 耕耘 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 耕耘 you have here. The definition of the word 耕耘 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of耕耘, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

Chinese

to plough; to till to weed
trad. (耕耘) 耕 耘
simp. #(耕耘) 耕 耘

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 耕 耘
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 耕 (117) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 古莖切 王分切
Baxter keang hjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛŋ/ /ɦɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæŋ/ /ɦiun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɐŋ/ /ɣiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨjŋ/ /ɦun/
Li
Rong 		/kɛŋ/ /ɣiuən/
Wang
Li 		/kæŋ/ /ɣĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kæŋ/ /i̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gēng yún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gang1 wan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 耕
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁ<r>eŋ/
English plow (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 耕 耘
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6850 16360
Phonetic
component 		井 云
Rime
group 		耕 文
Rime
subdivision 		0 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		耕 雲
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːŋ/ /*ɢun/
Notes 説文從員

Verb

耕耘

  1. (literally) to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate
  2. (figuratively) to work or study diligently

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
耕 耘
こう
Grade: 5 		うん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).

Pronunciation

Noun

耕(こう)耘(うん) • (kōun) ←かううん (kauun)?

  1. plowing and weeding

Verb

耕(こう)耘(うん)する • (kōun suru) ←かううん (kauun)?suru (stem 耕(こう)耘(うん)し (kōun shi), past 耕(こう)耘(うん)した (kōun shita))

  1. to plow and weed

Conjugation

Conjugation of "耕耘する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 耕耘し こううんし kōun shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 耕耘し こううんし kōun shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 耕耘する こううんする kōun suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 耕耘する こううんする kōun suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 耕耘すれ こううんすれ kōun sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 耕耘せよ¹
耕耘しろ² 		こううんせよ¹
こううんしろ² 		kōun seyo¹
kōun shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 耕耘される こううんされる kōun sareru
Causative 耕耘させる
耕耘さす 		こううんさせる
こううんさす 		kōun saseru
kōun sasu
Potential 耕耘できる こううんできる kōun dekiru
Volitional 耕耘しよう こううんしよう kōun shiyō
Negative 耕耘しない こううんしない kōun shinai
Negative continuative 耕耘せず こううんせず kōun sezu
Formal 耕耘します こううんします kōun shimasu
Perfective 耕耘した こううんした kōun shita
Conjunctive 耕耘して こううんして kōun shite
Hypothetical conditional 耕耘すれば こううんすれば kōun sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia