First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 고치〮다〮 (Yale: kwòc-hí-tá).
꽂 (kkot-, “to stick, to plug”) + 히 (-hi-, passive suffix) + 다 (-da, suffix conventionally given for citation forms).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkochida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkojhida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkoch'ida |
| Yale Romanization? | kkoc.hita |
| Base | 꽂다 (kkotda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 꽂히다 (kkochida) |
꽂히다 • (kkochida) (infinitive 꽂혀 or 꽂히어, sequential 꽂히니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꽂힌다 kkochinda |
꽂혀 kkocheo |
꽂혀요, 꽂히어요 kkocheoyo, kkochieoyo |
꽂힙니다 kkochimnida |
| Past | 꽂혔다 kkocheotda |
꽂혔어 kkocheosseo |
꽂혔어요 kkocheosseoyo |
꽂혔습니다 kkocheotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꽂히느냐 kkochineunya |
꽂혀 kkocheo |
꽂혀요, 꽂히어요 kkocheoyo, kkochieoyo |
꽂힙니까 kkochimnikka |
| Past | 꽂혔느냐 kkocheonneunya |
꽂혔어 kkocheosseo |
꽂혔어요 kkocheosseoyo |
꽂혔습니까 kkocheotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 꽂히자 kkochija |
꽂혀 kkocheo |
꽂혀요, 꽂히어요 kkocheoyo, kkochieoyo |
꽂히십시다 kkochisipsida | |
| Imperative | 꽂혀라, 꽂히어라 kkocheora, kkochieora |
꽂혀 kkocheo |
꽂혀요, 꽂히어요 kkocheoyo, kkochieoyo |
꽂힙시오 kkochipsio | |
| Assertive | 꽂히겠다 kkochigetda |
꽂히겠어 kkochigesseo |
꽂히겠어요 kkochigesseoyo |
꽂히겠습니다 kkochigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꽂혀 kkocheo |
꽂혀서, 꽂히어서 kkocheoseo, kkochieoseo |
꽂히니 kkochini |
꽂히니까 kkochinikka | |
| Contrast | 꽂히지만 kkochijiman |
꽂히는데 kkochineunde |
꽂히더니 kkochideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꽂히고 kkochigo |
||||
| Condition | 꽂히면 kkochimyeon |
꽂혀야, 꽂히어야 kkocheoya, kkochieoya |
|||
| Motive | 꽂히려고 kkochiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꽂힘 kkochim |
꽂히기 kkochigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꽂혔음, 꽂히었음 kkocheosseum, kkochieosseum |
꽂혔기, 꽂히었기 kkocheotgi, kkochieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꽂힌 kkochin | |||
| Present | 꽂히는 kkochineun | ||||
| Future | 꽂힐 kkochil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꽂히신다 kkochisinda |
꽂히셔 kkochisyeo |
꽂히세요, 꽂히셔요 kkochiseyo, kkochisyeoyo |
꽂히십니다 kkochisimnida |
| Past | 꽂히셨다 kkochisyeotda |
꽂히셨어 kkochisyeosseo |
꽂히셨어요 kkochisyeosseoyo |
꽂히셨습니다 kkochisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꽂히시느냐 kkochisineunya |
꽂히셔 kkochisyeo |
꽂히세요, 꽂히셔요 kkochiseyo, kkochisyeoyo |
꽂히십니까 kkochisimnikka |
| Past | 꽂히셨느냐 kkochisyeonneunya |
꽂히셨어 kkochisyeosseo |
꽂히셨어요 kkochisyeosseoyo |
꽂히셨습니까 kkochisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 꽂히시라 kkochisira |
꽂히셔 kkochisyeo |
꽂히세요 kkochiseyo |
꽂히십시오 kkochisipsio | |
| Assertive | 꽂히시겠다 kkochisigetda |
꽂히시겠어 kkochisigesseo |
꽂히시겠어요 kkochisigesseoyo |
꽂히시겠습니다 kkochisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꽂히셔 kkochisyeo |
꽂히셔서 kkochisyeoseo |
꽂히시니 kkochisini |
꽂히시니까 kkochisinikka | |
| Contrast | 꽂히시지만 kkochisijiman |
꽂히시는데 kkochisineunde |
꽂히시더니 kkochisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꽂히시고 kkochisigo |
||||
| Condition | 꽂히시면 kkochisimyeon |
꽂히셔야 kkochisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 꽂히시려고 kkochisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꽂히심 kkochisim |
꽂히시기 kkochisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꽂히셨음 kkochisyeosseum |
꽂히셨기 kkochisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꽂히신 kkochisin | |||
| Present | 꽂히시는 kkochisineun | ||||
| Future | 꽂히실 kkochisil | ||||