닫다

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Korean

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?datda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dadda
McCune–Reischauer?tatta
Yale Romanization?tat.ta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 닫다〮 (Yale: tàt-tá). Compare 다물다 (damulda, “to shut (one's mouth)”).

Verb

Korean verb set
Base 닫다 (datda)
Passive닫히다 (dachida)

닫다 • (datda) (infinitive 닫아, sequential 닫으니) (transitive)

  1. to close, to shut
    Antonym: 열다 (yeolda)
  2. (of business) to close, to close down, to shut down
    Antonym: 열다 (yeolda)
    이 가게는 몇 시에 문을 닫아요? ― i gage-neun myeot si-e mun-eul dadayo? ― What time does this shop/store close?
  3. to shut (one's mouth)
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 닫다 (datda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 닫는다
danneunda 		닫아
dada 		닫아요
dadayo 		닫습니다
datseumnida
Past 닫았다
dadatda 		닫았어
dadasseo 		닫았어요
dadasseoyo 		닫았습니다
dadatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 닫느냐
danneunya 		닫아
dada 		닫아요
dadayo 		닫습니까
datseumnikka
Past 닫았느냐
dadanneunya 		닫았어
dadasseo 		닫았어요
dadasseoyo 		닫았습니까
dadatseumnikka
Hortative 닫자
datja		 닫아
dada		 닫아요
dadayo		 닫으십시다
dadeusipsida
Imperative 닫아라
dadara		 닫아
dada		 닫아요
dadayo		 닫읍시오
dadeupsio
Assertive 닫겠다
datgetda		 닫겠어
datgesseo		 닫겠어요
datgesseoyo		 닫겠습니다
datgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 닫아
dada		 닫아서
dadaseo		 닫으니
dadeuni		 닫으니까
dadeunikka
Contrast 닫지만
datjiman		 닫는데
danneunde		 닫더니
datdeoni
Conjunction 닫고
datgo
Condition 닫으면
dadeumyeon		 닫아야
dadaya
Motive 닫으려고
dadeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 닫음
dadeum		 닫기
datgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 닫았음
dadasseum		 닫았기
dadatgi
Determiners Past 닫은
dadeun
Present 닫는
danneun
Future 닫을
dadeul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 닫으신다
dadeusinda 		닫으셔
dadeusyeo 		닫으세요, 닫으셔요
dadeuseyo, dadeusyeoyo 		닫으십니다
dadeusimnida
Past 닫으셨다
dadeusyeotda 		닫으셨어
dadeusyeosseo 		닫으셨어요
dadeusyeosseoyo 		닫으셨습니다
dadeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 닫으시느냐
dadeusineunya 		닫으셔
dadeusyeo 		닫으세요, 닫으셔요
dadeuseyo, dadeusyeoyo 		닫으십니까
dadeusimnikka
Past 닫으셨느냐
dadeusyeonneunya 		닫으셨어
dadeusyeosseo 		닫으셨어요
dadeusyeosseoyo 		닫으셨습니까
dadeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 닫으시라
dadeusira		 닫으셔
dadeusyeo		 닫으세요
dadeuseyo		 닫으십시오
dadeusipsio
Assertive 닫으시겠다
dadeusigetda		 닫으시겠어
dadeusigesseo		 닫으시겠어요
dadeusigesseoyo		 닫으시겠습니다
dadeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 닫으셔
dadeusyeo		 닫으셔서
dadeusyeoseo		 닫으시니
dadeusini		 닫으시니까
dadeusinikka
Contrast 닫으시지만
dadeusijiman		 닫으시는데
dadeusineunde		 닫으시더니
dadeusideoni
Conjunction 닫으시고
dadeusigo
Condition 닫으시면
dadeusimyeon		 닫으셔야
dadeusyeoya
Motive 닫으시려고
dadeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 닫으심
dadeusim		 닫으시기
dadeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 닫으셨음
dadeusyeosseum		 닫으셨기
dadeusyeotgi
Determiners Past 닫으신
dadeusin
Present 닫으시는
dadeusineun
Future 닫으실
dadeusil
Derived terms

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆮ다〮 (Yale: tòt-tá).

Miller (1996) argued that this was from Altaic *tär₂- (compare Old Turkic (täz-), Chuvash тар (tar), Mongolian (tergele-)). Starostin (2003, pg. 1466) connected this to Altaic *t`otá-, whence also Tungus-Manchu *tut- ("to run") (whence Evenki tutu- ("to crawl away")) and Japanese 漂(ただよ)う (tadayou, “to float”). The very concept of Proto-Altaic is, however, controversial.

Verb

Korean verb set
Base 닫다 (datda)
Causative달리다 (dallida)

닫다 • (datda) (irregular, infinitive 달아, sequential 달으니)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to run, to rush
    Synonym: 달리다 (dallida)
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 닫다 (datda): consonant-stem, ㄷ(d)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 닫는다
danneunda 		달아
dara 		달아요
darayo 		닫습니다
datseumnida
Past 달았다
daratda 		달았어
darasseo 		달았어요
darasseoyo 		달았습니다
daratseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 닫느냐
danneunya 		달아
dara 		달아요
darayo 		닫습니까
datseumnikka
Past 달았느냐
daranneunya 		달았어
darasseo 		달았어요
darasseoyo 		달았습니까
daratseumnikka
Hortative 닫자
datja		 달아
dara		 달아요
darayo		 달으십시다
dareusipsida
Imperative 달아라
darara		 달아
dara		 달아요
darayo		 달읍시오
dareupsio
Assertive 닫겠다
datgetda		 닫겠어
datgesseo		 닫겠어요
datgesseoyo		 닫겠습니다
datgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 달아
dara		 달아서
daraseo		 달으니
dareuni		 달으니까
dareunikka
Contrast 닫지만
datjiman		 닫는데
danneunde		 닫더니
datdeoni
Conjunction 닫고
datgo
Condition 달으면
dareumyeon		 달아야
daraya
Motive 달으려고
dareuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 달음
dareum		 닫기
datgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 달았음
darasseum		 달았기
daratgi
Determiners Past 달은
dareun
Present 닫는
danneun
Future 달을
dareul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 달으신다
dareusinda 		달으셔
dareusyeo 		달으세요, 달으셔요
dareuseyo, dareusyeoyo 		달으십니다
dareusimnida
Past 달으셨다
dareusyeotda 		달으셨어
dareusyeosseo 		달으셨어요
dareusyeosseoyo 		달으셨습니다
dareusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 달으시느냐
dareusineunya 		달으셔
dareusyeo 		달으세요, 달으셔요
dareuseyo, dareusyeoyo 		달으십니까
dareusimnikka
Past 달으셨느냐
dareusyeonneunya 		달으셨어
dareusyeosseo 		달으셨어요
dareusyeosseoyo 		달으셨습니까
dareusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 달으시라
dareusira		 달으셔
dareusyeo		 달으세요
dareuseyo		 달으십시오
dareusipsio
Assertive 달으시겠다
dareusigetda		 달으시겠어
dareusigesseo		 달으시겠어요
dareusigesseoyo		 달으시겠습니다
dareusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 달으셔
dareusyeo		 달으셔서
dareusyeoseo		 달으시니
dareusini		 달으시니까
dareusinikka
Contrast 달으시지만
dareusijiman		 달으시는데
dareusineunde		 달으시더니
dareusideoni
Conjunction 달으시고
dareusigo
Condition 달으시면
dareusimyeon		 달으셔야
dareusyeoya
Motive 달으시려고
dareusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 달으심
dareusim		 달으시기
dareusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 달으셨음
dareusyeosseum		 달으셨기
dareusyeotgi
Determiners Past 달으신
dareusin
Present 달으시는
dareusineun
Future 달으실
dareusil
Derived terms

References

  • Miller, Roy Andrew. Languages and History: Japanese, Korean, and Altaic. Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1996.
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