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(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or cancerous (malignant); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.
For most nouns formed with -oma, the plural in -omas is more common, because the suffix has been naturalized into English, but the plural in -omata is often preferred by people who believe that the Greek inflection needs to be retained.