-으우다

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽ɨuta⫽
• (Jeju City) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

-으우다 (-euuda)

1. Sentence-final declarative suffix in the "deferential style" ᄒᆞᆸ서체 (hawpseoche) formal polite speech level.

   민호야, ᄒᆞᆫ저 들어오랑 느 성 좀 도왜주라!
   경ᄒᆞᆫ디 오널 날이 막 ᄆᆞᆰ으우다양...

   Minho-ya, hawnjeo deureoorang neu seong jom dowaejura!
   Gyeonghawndi oneol nar-i mak mawlg-euuda-yang...

   Minho, come inside and help your brother!
   But the weather today is so clear...

으우다 (-euuda) falls under the "completed action" side of the traditional Jeju verb paradigm in that, outside of -으쿠다 (-eukuda), it should only be used after -언 (-eon), and should not refer to recurring or known events, for which -읍네다 (-eumneda) should be used instead.

• Compare:

  이 우와겐 ᄉᆞ미가 너미 질언 나신딘 너미 크우다.

  I uwagen sawmi-ga neomi jir-eon na-sindin neomi keu-uda.

  This dress shirt is too big for me because the sleeves are too long.

  General observation based on a current event, such as having just tried the shirt on.

  이 우와겐 ᄉᆞ미가 너미 질엉 나신딘 너미 큽네다.

  I uwagen sawmi-ga neomi jir-eong na-sindin neomi keum-neda.

  (I know) this dress shirt is too big for me because the sleeves are too long.

  Evidential statement, based on prior experience and recurring events.

으우다 (-euuda) has complex allomorphy when used with Jeju verbs and adjectives:

• 으우다 (-euuda) is used after adjective stems ending in a consonant other than ㄹ (l).
  • 족다 (jokda, “to be small”) -> 족으우다 (jog-euuda, “it's small”)
• -우다 (-uda) is used after adjective stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ (l), and is used after the copula -이다 (-ida) and the ending -읔- (-euk-) (forming -으쿠다 (-eukuda). It can also be used after -엇- (-eot-) and -어ᇝ- (-eom-).
  • ᄈᆞ르다 (ppawreuda, “to be fast”) -> ᄈᆞ르우다 (ppawreu-uda, “it's fast”)
  • 얼다 (eolda, “to be cold”) -> 어우다 (eo-uda, “it's cold”)
  • 벗 (beot, “friend”) + -이다 (-ida, “to be”) -> 벗이우다 (beos-i-uda, “(they) are a friend”)
  • ᄒᆞ다 (hawda, “to do”) + -읔- (-euk-) -> ᄒᆞ쿠다 (haw-k-uda, “(I) will do”)
• -이우다 (-iuda) is used after adjective stems ending in ㅅ (s), ㅈ (j), or ㅊ (ch).
  • ᄃᆞᆺ다 (dawtda, “to be warm”) -> ᄃᆞᆺ이우다 (daws-iuda, “it's warm”)
• -수다 (-suda) is an alternative option possible after adjective stems ending in a consonant other than ㄹ (l), and is preferred after -엇- (-eot-) and -어ᇝ- (-eom-).
  • 좋다 (jota, “to be good”) -> 좋수다 (jo-suda, “it's good”)
  • 먹다 (meokda, “to eat”) + -엇- (-eot-) -> 먹엇수다 (meog-eos-suda, “(I) ate”)
  • 하다 (hada, “to be a lot”) + -아ᇝ- (-am-) -> 하ᇝ수다 (ha-ms-suda, “it's becoming many”)
• -우다 (-uda) cannot be used after uninflected verbs. -어ᇝ- (-eom-) must be used in tandem.
  • 가다 (gada, “to go”) -> 가ᇝ수다 (gam-suda, “it's going”)

• -우가 (-uga), -우강 (-ugang)
• -우과 (-ugwa), -우광 (-ugwang)