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2012 August 23, Amelia Hill, “LSD could help alcoholics stop drinking, AA founder believed”, in The Guardian:
In a letter to Cohen, written between 1956 and 1961, he reported hearing gossip about his LSD use in AA circles. He reminded Cohen about "the desirability" of omitting his name "when discussing LSD with AAs". Cohen reassured Wilson that his LSD trials did not include other active AA members.
2005, Rob Sheppard, Digital Photography 1, 2, 3: Taking and Printing Great Pictures, New York: Lark Books, →ISBN, page 52:
Whether your camera takes AAs or a unique, proprietary battery, you should always have a spare. […] You will not be able to walk into a local supermarket and buy a new one as you can with AAs.
2014 January 1, Kit Eaton, “Civilian Photography, Now Rising to New Level”, in The New York Times:
It’s also tough to keep on top of charging all the batteries needed. The remote takes standard AAs, but the drone has a huge lithium battery that charges with a special wall unit.
2016, Angela L. Bos, “The unintended effects of political party affirmative action policies on female candidates’ nomination chances”, in Zoe M. Oxley, editor, Gender and Political Psychology, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 73–74:
Some of the rules guiding these nominations are affirmative action (AA)1 policies intended to increase the influence of and to encourage nomination of women and minorities. […] A review of the extant literature on AA and its effect on decision-makers produces competing hypotheses about the potential impact on female candidates seeking party nomination.
2011, Alexander Cartus, “D-Amino Acids and Cross-Linked Amino Acids in Food”, in Dieter Schrenk, Alexander Cartus, editors, Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food, Woodhead Publishing, →ISBN, page 251:
All proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) are claimed to be levorotatory (L-configured). Nevertheless, dextrorotatory AAs (D-configured) are also found in nature (Gao et al., 2015; Ollivaux et al., 2014), for example, in the organic material of extraterrestrial comets (Cronin and Pizzarello, 1983), or, formed by slow racemization, in all dead biological material.
2006, Gordon L. Robertson, “Structure and Related Properties of Plastic Polymers”, in Food Packaging: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 25:
For copolymers of ethylene, the other comonomer can be an alkene such as propene, butene, hexene or octene, or a compound having a polar functional group such as vinyl acetate (VA), acrylic acid (AA), ethyl acetate (EA), methyl acrylate (MA) or vinyl alcohol (VOH).
2005, Michelle R. Lennartz, “Phospholipases and Phagocytosis”, in Carlos Rosales, editor, Molecular Mechanisms of Phagocytosis, Landes Bioscience / Eurekah.com; Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, page 106:
Arachidonic acid (AA) is present at unusually high levels in the phospholipids of inflammatory cells. […] IgG-mediated phagocytosis results in the preferential release of AA over other fatty acids23 via activation of cPLA2 and iPLA2.
1995, Raymond F. Anton, Raye Z. Litten, John P. Allen, “Biological Assessment of Alcohol Consumption”, in John P. Allen, Megan Columbus, editors, Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, →ISBN, page 36:
The two tests presently in this category are the blood tests carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and hemoglobin or whole blood acetaldehyde adducts (AA). […] Measurement of AA in the blood has also generated a great deal of recent research interest.
2007, Bulent O. Yildiz, Enrico Carmina, Ricardo Azziz, “Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Dysfunction in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”, in Ricardo Azziz, John E. Nestler, Didier Dewailly, editors, Androgen Excess Disorders in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Disorders, 2nd edition, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, →ISBN, page 213:
Although the ovaries are the main source of androgen excess in PCOS, excess adrenal androgen (AA) levels (e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone and adrenal-secreted androsteredione ) and adrenocortical dysfunction have also been observed in many patients with PCOS (2–6). Proof of the role of AA excess in the development of PCOS is circumstantial at best.
2017, Xiuzhu Yu, “Spectroscopic Methods for Analysis of Edible Oils”, in Adriana S. Franca, Leo Nollet, editors, Spectroscopic Methods in Food Analysis, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, →ISBN, page 528:
Antioxidant activity (AA) is one of the main and most acclaimed properties of edible oil, and the antioxidant properties of EVOO have been extensively highlighted (Tuck and Hayball, 2002; Vissers et al., 2004). AA is usually estimated by monitoring the scavenging of a free radical by antioxidants that lead to either the inhibition of a chemical reaction or the changes of reaction rate constants in an ongoing radical reaction.
2009, Peter Ravenscroft, Hugh Brammer, Keith Richards, “Removing Arsenic from Drinking Water”, in Arsenic Pollution: A Global Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 272:
Activated alumina (AA, or γ-Al₂O₃) is an amorphous aluminium oxide prepared by dehydrating Al(OH)₃ at high temperature, […] Arsenic removal on AA is strongly pH-dependent, and is optimal between pH 5.5 and 6.0, which often requires acidification, and subsequent neutralisation to prevent corrosion.
2012, Yoshihiro Kuwano, Manabu Fujimoto, “Alopecia areata and chemokine”, in Victor R. Preedy, editor, Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease, Wageningen Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 203:
The existence of many autoimmune concurrent diseases supports that AA is an autoimmune disease. […] The incidence of type I diabetes in AA is intriguing; it is decreased in AA patients and increased in their relatives.
2004, Alexander D. Shepard, Gary M. Jacobson, “Anastomotic Aneurysms”, in Jonathan B. Towne, Larry H. Hollier, editors, Complications in Vascular Surgery, 2nd edition, New York: Marcel Dekker, →ISBN, page 139:
An anastomotic aneurysm (AA) is an aneurysm that occurs at an anastomotic interface between a graft and an artery. […] Recently, it has been recognized that an increasing number of AAs may in fact be true aneurysms occurring at the junction of a prosthetic graft and an artery.
1992 January 1, M. David Tilson, “Aortic Aneurysms and Atherosclerosis”, in Circulation, volume 85, number 1, →DOI, page 378:
This issue of Circulation has an interesting contribution from Reed et al,1 who advance the point of view that aortic aneurysms (AAs) are “caused” by atherosclerosis. […] The authors propose two arguments in support of a “causal” relation between atherosclerotic risk factors and the development of AAs.
2023 January, Yarong Chi, Qinglin Hu, Chen Yang, Miao Chen, Bing Han, “Avatrombopag is effective in patients with chemoradiotherapy-induced aplastic anemia: a single-center, retrospective study”, in Experimental Hematology, volume 117, →DOI, page 62:
Aplastic anemia (AA) secondary to radiotherapy presents a difficult situation in the treatment of both the malignant tumor and AA itself. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of avatrombopag (AVA), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with AA secondary to chemoradiotherapy.
2009, Valery N. Kornienko, Igor Nicolaevich Pronin, “Cerebrovascular Diseases and Malformations of the Brain”, in Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Springer, →ISBN, page 199:
Arterial aneurysms (AA) are local out-pouching of a blood vessel wall. […] According to the statistics, 90% of all AA are located in the anterior segments of the circle of Willis and only 10% in the posterior segments (Dandy 1944; Zlotnik 1967).
2017, Mausumi N Syamal, Michael S Benninger, “Vocal Fold Immobility”, in KK Handa, editor, Textbook of Voice and Laryngology, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:
If the paralysis is unilateral, arytenoid adduction (AA) procedures can be done to medialize the complex and arguably improve the results of an implant medialization.79 An AA arytenopexy can reconfigure the ipsilateral arytenoid for improved glottic closure, if needed.1,80
2015, Davor Zink, Bern Lee, Daniel Allen, “Structured and Semistructured Clinical Interviews Available for Use Among African American Clients: Cultural Considerations in the Diagnostic Interview Process”, in Lorraine T. Benuto, Brian D. Leany, editors, Guide to Psychological Assessment with African Americans, Springer, →ISBN, page 19:
For example, among AAs “spell” refers to a trance state in which individuals can communicate with deceased relatives and which is associated with brief periods of personality change (American Psychiatric Association 1994).
2007, Marjorie Kagawa-Singer, Jung Hee Han, “Asian American Health and Disease: An Overview”, in Michael V. Kline, Robert M. Huff, editors, Health Promotion in Multicultural Populations: A Handbook for Practitioners and Students, 2nd edition, SAGE Publications, page 414:
Asian Americans (AAs) constitute the fastest growing group in the United States, yet health promotion in this population is severely hampered by its invisibility in the U.S. population. […] This chapter will address each of the four factors that contribute to the lack of knowledge and health information about AAs.
2003, George Crile, Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of How the Wildest Man in Congress and a Rogue CIA Agent Changed the History of Our Times, New York: Grove Press, →ISBN, page 186:
But Wilson's loyal administrative assistant, Charlie Simpson, felt that he couldn't put up with it anymore. […] “I have to learn how to be a congressman and you need to learn how to be an AA [administrative assistant],” Wilson had told Simpson. “And this is the first thing we have to do.” […] The experience left the AA believing that perhaps the two of them shared a special destiny.
2013, Yeno M Matuka Pierre, Through the Eye of the Needle, Xlibris, →ISBN, page 121:
The AA said that given my background in English studies and applied linguistics, my introductory course in phonetics would be waved. Three of the four courses the AA prescribed included computer assisted instruction, which I eventually dropped due to overload, English language teaching methodology and psychology of second language learning.
2020 March 20, Colin Peters, “Coaches, athletes react to sports being put on pause”, in Daily Iowegian, archived from the original on 1 April 2020:
“I’m still figuring out my plans, but going back for another year is in my plans. I would be going back and getting my AA , while playing another year of softball,” Enright said.
2022 March 15, Ilana M. Horwitz, “I Followed the Lives of 3,290 Teenagers. This Is What I Learned About Religion and Education.”, in The New York Times:
He returned to community college and earned an A.A. while working as an E.M.T. and plans to become a paramedic or a nurse. He attributes much of this to his faith.
2011, Layla Skinns, Police Custody: Governance, Legitimacy and Reform in the Criminal Justice Process, Routledge, →ISBN, page 61:
An AA, who was a trained social worker, also felt that the volunteer AAs should be shown greater respect by the police (GMS14). At the same time, there was some awareness that AAs were unpaid among the private police staff, as one commented that she tried to be particularly nice to the AAs because of their volunteer status (e.g. SNS7).
2017 January 18, Ng Huiwen, “Drug offenders with special needs to get support”, in The Straits Times:
The initiative will draw on some 200 existing volunteers under the Appropriate Adult (AA) scheme, run by the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (Minds), from Jan 30. […] "These AAs are trained by Minds, and we believe they will enable our investigation officers to better communicate with drug offenders with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder or mental health issues," he said.
2019 July 29, Neha Alawadhi, Karan Choudhury, “Account aggregator to make applying for loan less cumbersome for users”, in Business Standard:
The RBI had in 2016 approved a new class of NBFCs to act as account aggregators (AA). These AAs will play the role of providing services based on the explicit consent of individual clients.
2016 March 22, “Insurer can't transact new biz sans Appointed Actuaries: Irdai”, in Business Standard:
Appointed Actuaries (AAs) are entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining solvency position of the Company. […] However, the existing arrangements of AAs and Mentors not complying with these guidelines may continue till June 30.
(politics)Initialism of Association Agreement: a treaty between the European Union, its member states and a non-EU country that creates a framework for cooperation between them.
2013, Amr Adly, “External factors and state reform”, in State Reform and Development in the Middle East: Turkey and Egypt in the Post-Liberalization Era, Routledge, →ISBN, page 200:
Following the AA's enactment in June 2004, some institutional reform took place with the aim of enhancing the competitiveness of Egyptian products. […] The AA reflected a long-term and a rather broadly defined consideration of economic and social development and the process of market transformation in Egypt.
2018 November 14, James Moran, “What Future for the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood Policy?”, in The Cairo Review of Global Affairs:
In addition, bilateral relations with the diverse countries of the South, which were “divided in their unity,” were also given a boost, as negotiations on new EU Association Agreements (AAs) got underway, as AAs were signed with all EMP countries except Syria by the early 2000’s.
2013, Edward Kelsey Moore, The Supremes at Earl's All-You-Can-Eat, Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 284:
She said, “I'm an alcoholic, just like my mother was. It's a struggle, but I haven't had a drink in a while.” That was something she hadn't meant to say, something she had never said outside of an AA meeting. But, after it had been said, it felt like as good a way to start as any.
1995 April 4, Bruce Vilanch, “Working the AA program”, in The Advocate, number 678, page 67:
Like a true AA follower (as in Academy Awards, not 12 steps), I never cared for Oscar parties. Somebody always talked through the songs or Vanessa Redgrave's speech or the costume parade, in which elegant runway models were forced to dress up as the farmers in Places in the Heart.
2012, Kaihan Krippendorff, “Today's Business Revolution”, in Outthink the Competition: How a New Generation of Strategists Sees Options Others Ignore, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 21:
Alas, I fear, Netflix will soon break my heart. And it's an American icon that is warning me: American Airlines (AA). ¶ You see, middlemen are dying. Sabre, the former AA subsidiary that is now an independent global distribution system (GDS) supplying travel agencies and online travel agencies with ticket and pricing information, recently announced it was raising the rates it charges on AA tickets.
2020 January 1, Miles Brignall, “Sit back, do nothing and the AA will double your bill”, in The Guardian:
As we have said before, never accept an AA increase – if you phone up and threaten to leave they will, in our experience, drop it back to the previous price. Or better still, just keep switching provider each year. LV’s cover is a good alternative.
1985, James Holt, “Trade Unionism in the British and U.S. Steel Industries, 1888-1914: A Comparative Study”, in Daniel J. Leab, editor, The Labor History Reader, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, pages 170–171:
In the American steel industry, only two labor organizations were of any great significance in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These were the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers (The A.A.), and the Knights of Labor. The A.A. was formed in 1876 when the United Sons of Vulcan, composed of iron puddlers and boilers, joined forces with several smaller unions of rolling mill hands and other skilled iron workers.
2010 October 29, Bill Shrum, “Shipping to soldiers for the holidays”, in Stuttgart (Arkansas) Daily Leader:
• APO/FPO AE ZIPs 094-098 — Space Available Mail, Nov. 26; Parcel Airlift Mail, Dec. 3; Priority Mail, Dec. 10; First Class Mail Letters and Cards, Dec.10 and Express Mail Military Service, Dec. 18. • APO/FPO AA ZIP 340 — Space Available Mail, Nov. 26; Parcel Airlift Mail, Dec. 3; Priority Mail, Dec. 10; First Class Mail Letters and Cards, Dec. 10 and Express Mail Military Service, Dec. 18. • APO/FPO AP ZIPs 962-966 — Space Available Mail, Nov. 26; Parcel Airlift Mail, Dec. 3; Priority Mail, Dec. 10; First Class Mail Letters and Cards, Dec. 10 and Express Mail Military Service, Dec. 18.
1999, James R. Lewis, Witchcraft Today: An Encyclopedia of Wiccan and Neopagan Traditions, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 219:
In Magic in Theory and Practice, Crowley explains his other Order, the Silver Star (Argentinum Astrum), which certainly does have such a degree. The AA is a totally secret occult organization in which any member should know only the person who initiated him or her and those whom he or she has initiated.
1999 September 12, Darin Genereux, “Re: "Anti-Aliasing vs. More Polygons" teapot page has been UPDATED”, in comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.video (Usenet):
On the other hand, edge AA in EF2000 didn't make much difference because only the objects were AAed and they made up only a very small percentage of the screen area.
2003 June 25, Ilari Liusvaara, “Re: I have a Linux Desktop dream, desktoplinux.com”, in comp.os.linux.advocacy (Usenet):
Vector images can be considered to have extremely high resolution, so it is possible to AA them.
2023 January 26, “Lawrow in Afrika: Auswärtiges Amt bittet für Tweet mit Leopard-Emoji um Entschuldigung”, in Der Spiegel, →ISSN:
In einem Folgetweet versprach das AA auch eine Zusammenstellung von Beweisen für die russische Behauptung – nur um direkt darauf lakonisch zu schließen: »Es gibt keine«.
In a follow-up tweet, the AA also promised a compilation of evidence for the Russian claim - only to laconically conclude immediately afterwards: "There is none".
Japanese
For pronunciation and definitions of AA – see the following entry.
