Appendix:Arabic script

This appendix explains characters written in the Arabic script.

There are 28 letters used for writing the Arabic language. Derived from the Phoenician alphabet, the Arabic script has been adopted for use in a wide variety of languages other than Arabic, including Persian, Kurdish, Malay and Urdu.

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Arabic script

Wikipedia

Arabic alphabet

Name	ا (-) ‎ أَلِف (ʔalif)	ب (b) ‎ بَاء (bāʔ)	ت (t) ‎ تَاء (tāʔ)	ث (ṯ) ‎ ثَاء (ṯāʔ)	ج (j) ‎ جِيم (jīm)	ح (ḥ) ‎ حَاء (ḥāʔ)	خ (ḵ) ‎ خَاء (ḵāʔ)	د (d) ‎ دَال (dāl)	ذ (ḏ) ‎ ذَال (ḏāl)	ر (r) ‎ رَاء (rāʔ)
Letter
Name	ز (z) ‎ زَاي (zāy), زَيْن (zayn)	س (s) ‎ سِين (sīn)	ش (š) ‎ شِين (šīn)	ص (ṣ) ‎ صَاد (ṣād)	ض (ḍ) ‎ ضَاد (ḍād)	ط (ṭ) ‎ طَاء (ṭāʔ)	ظ (ẓ) ‎ ظَاء (ẓāʔ)	ع (ʕ) ‎ عَيْن (ʕayn)	غ (ḡ) ‎ غَيْن (ḡayn)	ف (f) ‎ فَاء (fāʔ)
Letter
Name	ق (q) ‎ قَاف (qāf)	ك (k) ‎ كَاف (kāf)	ل (l) ‎ لَام (lām)	م (m) ‎ مِيم (mīm)	ن (n) ‎ نُون (nūn)	ه (h) ‎ هَاء (hāʔ)	و (w) ‎ وَاو (wāw)	ي (y) ‎ يَاء (yāʔ)
Letter
Some letters have an initial, medial and final form.

Arabic script (main letters used in Arabic)

Modified letters and additional symbols

• ء‎ هَمْزَة (hamza) (standalone) - هَمْزَة القَطْع (hamzat al-qaṭʕ)
• ة‎ - تَاء مَرْبُوطَة (tāʔ marbūṭa)
• ى‎ - أَلِف مَقْصُورَة (ʔalif maqṣūra), final position only, often used in place of the final ي (y) by some writers, especially in Egypt.
• أ‎ - (hamza over an ʾalif)
• إ‎ - (hamza under an ʾalif)
• ؤ‎ - (hamza over a wāw)
• ئ‎ - (hamza over a dotless yāʾ )
• آ‎ - أَلِف مَدَّة (ʔalif madda)
• ٱ‎ - هَمْزَة الوَصْل (hamzat al-waṣl)

Diacritics - تَشْكِيل (taškīl)

• ـَ‎ - فَتْحَة (fatḥa)

• ـِ‎ - كَسْرَة (kasra)

• ـُ‎ - ضَمَّة (ḍamma)

• ـْ‎ - سُكُون (sukūn)

• ـّ‎ - شَدَّة (šadda)

• ـٰ‎ - أَلِف خَنْجَرِيَّة (ʔalif ḵanjariyya) - missing on standard keyboards, seldom used, only appears in a small number of words.

Nunation - تَنْوِين (tanwīn)

• ـٌ‎ - تَنْوِين الضَّمّ (tanwīn aḍ-ḍamm)

• ـٍ‎ - تَنْوِين الْكَسْر (tanwīn al-kasr)

• ـً‎ - تَنْوِين الْفَتْح (tanwīn al-fatḥ)

Others

• ـ‎ - تَطْوِيل (taṭwīl), a lengthening symbol, has no phonetic value.

Modifications for other languages

Brahui script

Other letters:

Jawi & Pegon script

Other letters:

Kashmiri script

Kazakh script

Other letters:

Ottoman Turkish script

Other letters:

Pashto script

Persian script

Punjabi (Shahmukhi) script

Other letters:

Modified letters and additional symbols

• ڑٜ (salshi rRay) - سالشی ڑ
• لٜ (moredhaniya laam = retroflex laam) - موردھنیا لام
• ݦ (moredhaiya meem) - موردھنیا میم
• ٖ Khari zair (کھڑی زیر)
• ٘ Moqoof jazam (موقوف جذم)
• ٛ Nokedaar topi numa jazam (نوکدار ٹوپی نما جزم)
• ء hamzah (ہمزہ)
• Khat-e-maddola (خطِ معدولہ)
• ـٔ Arabic hamza above (همزه بالا)
• ـَ fatHa (فتحة)
• ـِ kasra (كسرة)
• ـُ Damma (ضمة)
• ـْ sukuun (سكون)
• ـّ shadda (شدة)

Sindhi script

Urdu script

Other letters:

Uyghur script

Xiao'erjing script

Saraiki script