Grad

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See also: grad, grád, gråd, and grąd

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Russian Град (Grad, “codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher”), from Russian град (grad, “hail”).

Pronunciation

Noun

Grad (plural Grads)

  1. A type of Soviet artillery multiple rocket launcher, or a rocket fired by this.
    • 1989: Jane’s Defence Weekly, v 12, Coulsdon, UK: Jane’s, p 1050:
      It supplements the 220 mm BM-22 Uragan (‘Hurricane’) and 122 mm BM-21 Grad (‘Hail’) MRLs, already in service.
    • 1998, Field Artillery Association (U.S.), Field Artillery, page 7:
      The MRL systems Smerch, Uragan, and Grad are designed to destroy concentrations of personnel and various vehicles at distances up to 70 kilometers.
    • 2001, Olga Oliker, Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat, Santa Monica, California: Rand, page 29:
      The Russians fought back with Grad rocket-launcher salvos and mortar attacks (they also made some use of armor).
    • 2009, Rockets from Gaza: Harm to Civilians from Palestinian Armed Groups’ Rocket Attacks, New York: Human Rights Watch, page 22:
      “[w]e saw Hamas come and put up rocket launchers and fire. We could tell they were Grads by the sound, which is louder and deeper than that of Qassams.”

Synonyms

Translations

Anagrams

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step”).

Pronunciation

Noun

Grad m (strong, genitive Grades or Grads, plural Grade or Grad)

  1. degree
    0 Grad Celsius (0°C) sind 273,15 Kelvin.
    Zero degrees Celsius (0°C) are 273.15 Kelvin.

Usage notes

  • When used as a measuring unit (e.g. for temperature), the word always has the unchanged plural Grad: zwei Grad wärmer – "two degrees warmer"; einige Grad kühler – "some degrees cooler".
  • When not used as a measuring unit, the plural form is Grade: Die soziale Ungleichheit hat bisher ungekannte Grade erreicht. – "Social inequality has reached degrees previously unknown." This usage is less common than in English.

Declension

Declension of Grad
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein der Grad die Grade, Grad
genitive eines des Grades, Grads der Grade, Grad
dative einem dem Grad, Grade1 den Graden, Grad
accusative einen den Grad die Grade, Grad

1Now rare, see notes.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “Grad” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “Grad” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “Grad” in Duden online

Polish

Etymology

From grad.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Grad m pers

  1. a male surname

Declension

Declension of Grad
singular plural
nominative Grad Gradowie
genitive Grada Gradów
dative Gradowi Gradom
accusative Grada Gradów
instrumental Gradem Gradami
locative Gradzie Gradach
vocative Gradzie Gradowie

Proper noun

Grad f (indeclinable)

  1. a female surname

Further reading

  • “GRAD”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
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