Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dagaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Uncertain. Often explained as derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), but the loss of the labialization would be irregular; *dawaz would be expected. Kroonen posits instead a root *dʰeǵʰ- (“day”), from which he says a heteroclitic noun *dʰṓǵʰ-r/n- (“day”) is also derived, the source of Proto-Germanic *dōgera-/*dōgena- (see *dōg-) and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háȷ́ʰr̥ (from which Sanskrit अहर् (ahar)) with irregular loss of the initial consonant, possibly in the zero grade.^[1] For this root, see also *gēz, Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis) and Proto-West Germanic *gesteran (“yesterday”), all deriving from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɑ.ɣɑz/

*dagaz m

1. a day, though in contrast to today this word referred to a period beginning at sunset and ending at sunrise as noted by Tacitus

   Antonym: *nahts

2. a day (24-hour period)
3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛞ (d)

• *airidagaz, *jēradagaz
• *dagāną
• *dagawerką
• *dagalangaz
• *hinō dagō
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see there for further descendants)
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)

• Proto-West Germanic: *dag
  • Old English: dæġ, deġ — Mercian, Kentish, deag, dæiġ, daig
    • Middle English: day, dai, dæi, dey, daȝ, dæȝ, dei, daye, daȝȝ, daȝh, daiȝ, *dah
      • English: day
      • Scots: day
      • Yola: die, dei, dey, daie
  • Old Frisian: dei, dī
    • North Frisian: däi

      Föhr-Amrum: dai

    • Saterland Frisian: Dai
    • West Frisian: dei
  • Old Saxon: dag
    • Middle Low German: dach
      • Low German:
        • Dutch Low Saxon: dag
        • German Low German:

          Hamburgisch: Dag

          Westphalian:

          Lippisch: Dag

          Ravensbergisch: Dach

          Sauerländisch: Dag, Dāg

          Westmünsterländisch: Dagg

      • Plautdietsch: Dach
  • Old Dutch: dag
    • Middle Dutch: dach
      • Dutch: dag, dagge, dagh (obsolete)
        • Afrikaans: dag
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: daka
        • Jersey Dutch: dâx
        • Negerhollands: dag, dak
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: dak (archaic)
        • Petjo: dah
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: dak, dagka
        • → Saramaccan: dáka
      • Limburgish: daag
      • West Flemish: dag
      • Zealandic: dag
  • Old High German: tag, tac, tak, dac, *dag — northern
    • Middle High German: tac, tag, dach
      • Alemannic German: Tag

        Alsatian: Dàà (north), Dàj (center), Dàg (south)

        Italian Walser: tag, tog, tàg

        Swabian: Dag

      • Bavarian: Da, Dåg, Doch

        Cimbrian: tak, ta, tag, tage

        Mòcheno: ta

        Udinese: tach, ti

      • Central Franconian: Daach

        Hunsrik: Daagh, taach (Wiesemann spelling system), Tóch, Tooch (Altenhofen spelling)

      • East Central German:

        Upper Saxon German: Dag

      • German: Tag

        Esperanto: tago

      • Luxembourgish: Dag, Do
      • Rhine Franconian: Tach

        Pennsylvania German: Daag

      • Transylvanian Saxon: Dåch
      • Vilamovian: taog
      • Yiddish: טאָג (tog)
• Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚨᚷᚨᛉ (*dagaʀ)
  • Old Norse: dagr
    • Icelandic: dagur
    • Faroese: dagur
    • Norn: dagh
      • → Scots: dag (Orkney, Shetlandic)
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: dag; (dialectal) dag’e
    • Elfdalian: dag
    • Old Swedish: dagher, ᚦᛆᚵᚼᚽᚱ
      • Swedish: dag
    • Old Danish: dagh
      • Danish: dag
        • Norwegian Bokmål: dag
      • Scanian: dağ
    • Gutnish: dag
• Crimean Gothic: tag
• Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags)
• Vandalic: *dag-