Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dagaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Often explained as derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), but the loss of the labialization would be irregular; *dawaz would be expected. Kroonen posits instead a root *dʰeǵʰ- (“day”), from which he says a heteroclitic noun *dʰṓǵʰ-r/n- (“day”) is also derived, the source of Proto-Germanic *dōgera-/*dōgena- (see *dōg-) and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háȷ́ʰr̥ (from which Sanskrit अहर् (ahar)) with irregular loss of the initial consonant, possibly in the zero grade. For this root, see also *gēz, Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis) and Proto-West Germanic *gesteran (“yesterday”), all deriving from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɑ.ɣɑz/

Noun

*dagaz m

day
Synonym: *tīnaz
(Runic alphabet) name of the D-rune (ᛞ)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *dagaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dagaz	dagōz, dagōs
vocative	*dag	dagōz, dagōs
accusative	*dagą	*daganz
genitive	dagas, dagis	*dagǫ̂
dative	*dagai	*dagamaz
instrumental	*dagō	*dagamiz

Derived terms

*dagāną
*dagawerką
*dagalangaz
*hīno dāgo
- Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see *dag for descendants)
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dag
- Old English: dæġ, deġ; deag, dœg, dæiġ
  - Middle English: day, dai, dæi, dey, daȝ, dæȝ, dei, daye, daȝȝ, daȝh, daiȝ, *dah
    - English: day
    - Scots: day
    - Yola: die, dei, dey, daie
- Old Frisian: dei, dī
  - North Frisian: däi
    Föhr-Amrum: dai
  - Saterland Frisian: Dai
  - West Frisian: dei
- Old Saxon: dag
  - Middle Low German: dach
    - Low German:
      - Dutch Low Saxon: dag
      - German Low German:
        Hamburgisch: Dag
        Westphalian:
        Lippisch: Dag
        Ravensbergisch: Dach
        Sauerländisch: Dag, Dāg
        Westmünsterländisch: Dagg
    - Plautdietsch: Dach
- Old Dutch: dag
  - Middle Dutch: dach
    - Dutch: dag
      - Afrikaans: dag
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: daka
      - Jersey Dutch: dâx
      - Negerhollands: dag, dak
        → Virgin Islands Creole: dak (archaic)
      - Petjo: dah
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: dak, dagka
      - → Saramaccan: dáka
    - Limburgish: daag
    - West Flemish: dag
    - Zealandic: dag
- Old High German: tag, tac, tak, dac, *dag
  - Middle High German: tac, tag, dach
    - Alemannic German: Tag
      Alsatian: Dàà (north), Dàj (center), Dàg (south)
      Italian Walser: tag, tog, tàg
      Swabian: Dag
    - Bavarian: Da, Dåg, Doch
      Cimbrian: tak, ta, tag, tage
      Mòcheno: ta
      Udinese: tach, ti
    - Central Franconian: Daach
      Hunsrik: Daagh, taach
    - East Central German:
      Upper Saxon German: Dag
    - German: Tag
      Esperanto: tago
    - Luxembourgish: Dag, Do
    - Rhine Franconian: Tach
      Pennsylvania German: Daag
    - Transylvanian Saxon: Dåch
    - Vilamovian: taog
    - Yiddish: טאָג (tog)
Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚨᚷᚨᛉ (*dagaʀ)
- Old Norse: dagr
  - Icelandic: dagur
  - Faroese: dagur
  - Norn: dagh
    - → Scots: dag (Orkney, Shetlandic)
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: dag; (dialectal) dag’e
  - Elfdalian: dag
  - Old Swedish: dagher, ᚦᛆᚵᚼᚽᚱ
    - Swedish: dag
  - Old Danish: dagh
    - Danish: dag
      - Norwegian Bokmål: dag
    - Scanian: dağ
  - Gutnish: dag
Crimean Gothic: tag
Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags)
Vandalic: *dag-

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN