Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hangāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hanhaną (“to hang”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*hangāną

(intransitive) to hang, to be suspended

Inflection

Conjugation of *hangāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hangō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hangaisi	?	*hangai	*hangāsai	?
3rd singular	*hangaiþi	?	*hangāþau	*hangāþai	?
1st dual	*hangōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hangāþiz	?	*hangāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hangāmaz	?	—	*hangānþai	?
2nd plural	*hangaiþ	?	*hangaiþ	*hangānþai	?
3rd plural	*hangānþi	?	*hangānþau	*hangānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hangadǭ	*hangadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hangadēz	*hangadēdīz
3rd singular	*hangadē	*hangadēdī
1st dual	*hangadēdū	*hangadēdīw
2nd dual	*hangadēdudiz	*hangadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hangadēdum	*hangadēdīm
2nd plural	*hangadēdud	*hangadēdīd
3rd plural	*hangadēdun	*hangadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hangāndz	*hangadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hangēn
- Old English: hangian, hongian
  - Middle English: hangen (merged with hōn)
    - English: hang
    - Scots: hangit (simple past of hing (“to execute using gallows”))^[1]
  - → Welsh: hongian
- Old Frisian: hangia, hongia
  - Saterland Frisian: hongje
  - West Frisian: hingje
- Old Saxon: hangon
  - Middle Low German: hangen
    - Low German: hangen
- Old Dutch: *hangon
  - Middle Dutch: hangen (merger with hān)
    - Dutch: hangen
      - Afrikaans: hang
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
      - Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
      - → Sranan Tongo: anga
    - Limburgish: hange
- Old High German: hangēn
  - Middle High German: hangen
    - German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
    - Switzerland German: hangen
    - >? Cimbrian: hangan
Old Norse: hanga
- Icelandic: hanga
- Faroese: hanga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hanga, henga (merger with hengja)
- Norwegian Bokmål: henge
- Swedish: hänga (merger with hengja)
- Old Danish: hængæ (merger with hengja)
  - Danish: hænge
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (hāhān) (< *hanhāną, or a later alteration based on the homographic strong verb)

References

^ “hing, v., n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC: “The form hangit is from the pr. stem hang, Mid.Eng. hangen, in O.Sc. referring gen. only to judicial hanging.”

[1] “hing, v., n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC: “The form hangit is from the pr. stem hang, Mid.Eng. hangen, in O.Sc. referring gen. only to judicial hanging.”

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