Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hanhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱenk- (“to hang”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ̃ː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hanhaną

(intransitive) to hang

Inflection

Conjugation of *hanhaną (strong class 7c)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hanhō	*hanhaų	—	*hanhai	?
2nd singular	*hanhizi	*hanhaiz	*hanh	*hanhazai	*hanhaizau
3rd singular	*hanhidi	*hanhai	*hanhadau	*hanhadai	*hanhaidau
1st dual	*hanhōz	*hanhaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hanhadiz	*hanhaidiz	*hanhadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hanhamaz	*hanhaim	—	*hanhandai	*hanhaindau
2nd plural	*hanhid	*hanhaid	*hanhid	*hanhandai	*hanhaindau
3rd plural	*hanhandi	*hanhain	*hanhandau	*hanhandai	*hanhaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hehanh	*hehangį̄
2nd singular	*hehanht	*hehangīz
3rd singular	*hehanh	*hehangī
1st dual	*hehangū	*hehangīw
2nd dual	*hehangudiz	*hehangīdiz
1st plural	*hehangum	*hehangīm
2nd plural	*hehangud	*hehangīd
3rd plural	*hehangun	*hehangīn

	present	past
participles	*hanhandz	*hanganaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hą̄han
- Old English: hōn
  - Middle English: hōn, hangen, hongen (merger with hangian)
    - English: hang
    - Scots: hang
- Old Frisian: huā, hwā, (merger with hangia, hongia)
  - Saterland Frisian: hongje
  - West Frisian: hingje
- Old Saxon: hāhan
  - Middle Low German: hân, hangen (merger with hangon)
    - Low German: hangen
- Old Dutch: *hān
  - Middle Dutch: hâen, hangen (merger with hangon)
    - Dutch: hangen
      - Afrikaans: hang
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
      - Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
      - → Sranan Tongo: anga
    - Limburgish: hange
- Old High German: hāhan
  - Middle High German: hāhen
    - German: hängen (merger with hangen and hengen)
Old Norse: hanga
- Icelandic: hanga
- Faroese: hanga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hanga, henga (merger with hengja)
- Norwegian Bokmål: henge
- Swedish: hänga (merger with hengja)
- Old Danish: hængæ (merger with hengja)
  - Danish: hænge
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (hāhan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hanhan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hanhan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208

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