Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keusaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwseti, from *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γεύω (geúō), Sanskrit जोषति (jóṣati).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkeu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*keusaną

to test, to try
to choose

Inflection

Conjugation of *keusaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*keusō	*keusaų	—	*keusai	?
2nd singular	*kiusizi	*keusaiz	*keus	*keusazai	*keusaizau
3rd singular	*kiusidi	*keusai	*keusadau	*keusadai	*keusaidau
1st dual	*keusōz	*keusaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*keusadiz	*keusaidiz	*keusadiz	—	—
1st plural	*keusamaz	*keusaim	—	*keusandai	*keusaindau
2nd plural	*kiusid	*keusaid	*kiusid	*keusandai	*keusaindau
3rd plural	*keusandi	*keusain	*keusandau	*keusandai	*keusaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kaus	*kuzį̄
2nd singular	*kaust	*kuzīz
3rd singular	*kaus	*kuzī
1st dual	*kuzū	*kuzīw
2nd dual	*kuzudiz	*kuzīdiz
1st plural	*kuzum	*kuzīm
2nd plural	*kuzud	*kuzīd
3rd plural	*kuzun	*kuzīn

	present	past
participles	*keusandz	*kuzanaz

Related terms

*kauzijaną
*kustiz
*kustōną
*kustuz
*kuzą
*kuziz
*walakuzjǭ (“valkyrie, walkirrie”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *keusan
- Old English: ċēosan
  - Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse; cesen, cheosen
    - English: choose
    - Scots: chuise, cheese
- Old Frisian: kiāsa, ziāsa
  - North Frisian: kese
  - Saterland Frisian: kjoze
  - West Frisian: kieze
- Old Saxon: kiosan
  - Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen
    - German Low German: kiesen
    - Low German: kesen
    - → Old Swedish: kesa
      - Swedish: kesa
    - → Danish: kejse
    - → Scanian: késa
- Old Dutch: *kiesan
  - Middle Dutch: kiesen
    - Dutch: kiezen
      - Afrikaans: kies
- Old High German: kiosan, chiosan
  - Middle High German: kiesen
    - German: kiesen
Old Norse: kjósa
- Icelandic: kjósa
- Faroese: kjósa
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: kjose
- Old Swedish: kiūsa
  - Swedish: tjusa
- Danish: kyse
Gothic: 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan)
- → Proto-Slavic: *kousiti
  - Old Church Slavonic: въкоусити (vŭkusiti)
    - → Russian: вкуси́ть (vkusítʹ)
→ Proto-Finnic: *kiusat'ak
- Finnish: kiusata

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*keusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*keusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*keusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*keusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keusaną

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