Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raipaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Apparently from a quasi-Indo-European *h₁royp-nó-s (“band, strip, strap”), of uncertain origin. Kroonen considers the term limited to Germanic, but others have further derived it from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”), though if so, the irregular sound shift from PIE *-p- > PGm *-p- rather than PGm *-f- remains to be explained. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɑi̯.pɑz/

Noun

*raipaz m

Inflection

Declension of *raipaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*raipaz	raipōz, raipōs
vocative	*raip	raipōz, raipōs
accusative	*raipą	*raipanz
genitive	raipas, raipis	*raipǫ̂
dative	*raipai	*raipamaz
instrumental	*raipō	*raipamiz

Derived terms

*raipijaną

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *raip
- Old English: rāp
  - Middle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope
    - English: rope, roap, roape (all obsolete)
      - → Irish: rópa
      - Tok Pisin: rop
    - Scots: raip
    - → Old French: rap
- Old Frisian: rāp, *rēp
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: riap
    Halligen: reep
    Mooring: ruup
    Wiedingharde: ruup
  - Saterland Frisian: Roop
  - West Frisian: reap
- Old Saxon: *rēp
  - Middle Low German: rêp, reep
    - Low German: Reep
    - German Low German: Reep
    - → German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)
- Old Dutch: rēp
  - Middle Dutch: rêep
    - Dutch: reep
- Old High German: reif
  - Middle High German: reif
    - German: Reif, Reifen
    - Luxembourgish: Reef
Old Norse: reip n
- Icelandic: reip, reipi
- Faroese: reip
- Norwegian Nynorsk: reip
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: reip
- Old Swedish: rēp
  - Swedish: rep
- Danish: reb
  - Norwegian Bokmål: rep
Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips) (in 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (skaudaraips), which may instead be a neuter a-stem: the form is ambiguous)
→ Proto-Samic: *rājppē (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*raipan ~ *raipaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 296
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*raipa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 403

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*raipan ~ *raipaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 296

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*raipa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 403