Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rinnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Two main etymological pathways have been proposed.

Most likely from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to undulate, churn”), either via either a nasal-infix present *h₃ri-né-H-ti or a *-néwti present *h₃riH-néw-ti.^[1]^[2]
- These forms are supported by cognates Sanskrit रिणाति (rinā́ti, “to make turbulent, cause to flow”), Ancient Greek ὀρί̄νω (orí̄nō, “to churn up”), and Russian ри́нуться (rínutʹsja, “to rush”).
- Under this etymology, further cognates outside Germanic include Middle Irish rian (“river, way”), Proto-Slavic *rěka (“river”), Latin rivus (“stream”), and Gaulish Rēnos (“that which flows”), which is the source of the name of the river Rhine.
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti (“to flow, move, run”).^[3]^[4]^[5], whence also Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “course, way”).

Either way, both paths ultimately trace back to the same root, *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rinnaną

to run, to rush (move quickly)
(of liquid) to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of *rinnaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rinnō	*rinnaų	—	*rinnai	?
2nd singular	*rinnizi	*rinnaiz	*rinn	*rinnazai	*rinnaizau
3rd singular	*rinnidi	*rinnai	*rinnadau	*rinnadai	*rinnaidau
1st dual	*rinnōz	*rinnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rinnadiz	*rinnaidiz	*rinnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*rinnamaz	*rinnaim	—	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau
2nd plural	*rinnid	*rinnaid	*rinnid	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau
3rd plural	*rinnandi	*rinnain	*rinnandau	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rann	*runnį̄
2nd singular	*rannt	*runnīz
3rd singular	*rann	*runnī
1st dual	*runnū	*runnīw
2nd dual	*runnudiz	*runnīdiz
1st plural	*runnum	*runnīm
2nd plural	*runnud	*runnīd
3rd plural	*runnun	*runnīn

	present	past
participles	*rinnandz	*runnanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Many of these descendants have taken the present stem ren- from the causative.

Proto-West Germanic: *rinnan
- Old English: rinnan, irnan, iernan, yrnan
  - Middle English: rennen
    - English: run, rin
    - Scots: rin
    - Yola: rhin, rin
- Old Frisian: renna, rinna, runna
  - Saterland Frisian: rinne
  - West Frisian: rinne
- Old Saxon: rinnan
  - Middle Low German: rinnen
    - Low German:
      - German Low German: rönnen
      - Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: rinnen
        Sauerländisch: rennen
        Westmünsterländisch: rennen, rannen
    - Plautdietsch: ranen
- Old Dutch: rinnan
  - Middle Dutch: rinnen
    - Dutch: rinnen (obsolete), rennen
    - Limburgish: rinne, rènne
- Old High German: rinnan
  - Middle High German: rinnen
    - German: rinnen
    - Luxembourgish: rënnen
Old Norse: rinna, renna
- Icelandic: renna
- Faroese: renna
- Norn: rinna
- Norwegian: renne
- Elfdalian: rinna
- Old Swedish: rinna
  - Swedish: rinna
- Danish: rinde
- Gutnish: rinne, rinn', rinna
Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan)
- → Latin: haliurunna (uncertain etymology, but possibly from *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrunna, “witch, one who travels to the netherworld”))

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃rei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 305-6
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rinnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 413-414
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302
^
^{The template Template:R:gem:PIEPG does not use the parameter(s): vol=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “RENN-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 375-77

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃rei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 305-6

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rinnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 413-414

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302

[Ringe_2006-4] {The template Template:R:gem:PIEPG does not use the parameter(s): vol=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242

[5] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “RENN-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 375-77

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