Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/springaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sprenǵʰ-, nasalised form of Proto-Indo-European *sreǵʰ- (“to move energetically, hurry, spring”). Compare Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to set in rapid motion, haste, hurry”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”),^[1] Albanian shpërthej (“to pop open, puncture, lance, make explode, blow up”), Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*springaną^[1]^[2]

to spring, to jump up
to burst, to explode

Inflection

Conjugation of *springaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*springō	*springaų	—	*springai	?
2nd singular	*springizi	*springaiz	*spring	*springazai	*springaizau
3rd singular	*springidi	*springai	*springadau	*springadai	*springaidau
1st dual	*springōz	*springaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*springadiz	*springaidiz	*springadiz	—	—
1st plural	*springamaz	*springaim	—	*springandai	*springaindau
2nd plural	*springid	*springaid	*springid	*springandai	*springaindau
3rd plural	*springandi	*springain	*springandau	*springandai	*springaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sprang	*sprungį̄
2nd singular	*spranht	*sprungīz
3rd singular	*sprang	*sprungī
1st dual	*sprungū	*sprungīw
2nd dual	*sprungudiz	*sprungīdiz
1st plural	*sprungum	*sprungīm
2nd plural	*sprungud	*sprungīd
3rd plural	*sprungun	*sprungīn

	present	past
participles	*springandz	*sprunganaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *springan
- Old English: springan
  - Middle English: spryngen
    - English: spring; sprink
    - Scots: spring
- Old Frisian: springa
  - Saterland Frisian: springe
  - West Frisian: springe
- Old Saxon: springan, sprengan
  - Middle Low German: springen
    - German Low German: springen
- Old Dutch: *springan
  - Middle Dutch: springen
    - Dutch: springen
      - Afrikaans: spring
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: pringgi
      - Jersey Dutch: spring, springe, spränge
      - Negerhollands: spriṅ
    - Limburgish: springe
- Old High German: springan
  - Middle High German: springen
    - Alemannic German: springe, schpringe
    - Cimbrian: springen
    - German: springen
    - Luxembourgish: sprangen
    - Pennsylvania German: schpringe
    - Yiddish: שפּרינגען (shpringen)
Old Norse: springa
- Icelandic: springa (“to burst”)
- Faroese: springa
- Norwegian: springe, sprekke
- Old Swedish: springa
  - Swedish: springa (“to run”), spricka (“to crack”)
- Old Danish: springæ
  - Danish: springe, sprække
- Gutnish: springge, springga

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spring/kan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sprenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 366

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spring/kan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sprenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 366

[1]

[2]