Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeydʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)

1. to compel, force
2. to trust

Derived terms

• *bʰéydʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
• *bʰéydʰ-e-tor (deponent)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay
      • Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)
• *bʰe-bʰóydʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰidʰ-ḗr (stative)
• *bʰidʰ-tó-s
• *bʰeydʰ-os
  • Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos
    • Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”) (⇒ Εὐπείθης (Eupeíthēs), εὐπειθής (eupeithḗs, “persuadable”); ἀπειθής (apeithḗs, “unconvinced, disobedient”))
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás
      • Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)
  • Proto-Italic: *feiðos
    • Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)
    • Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas
      • Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)
• *bʰoydʰ-éh₂
  • Proto-Albanian: *baidā
    • Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ
    • Latvian: bads
    • Proto-Slavic: *běda (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *baidō
    • Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)
    • Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)
• *bʰeydʰ-ti-s
  • Proto-Albanian: *baitši
    • Albanian: besë
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *banssus (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis
    • Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)
• *bʰoydʰ-éye-ti
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei
    • Proto-Slavic: *běditi (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną (see there for further descendants)

Reconstruction notes

The Sanskrit forms with long ā can be explained as an irregular development of earlier *ay < *ey/*oy.

References