Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰwes-

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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰew-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Seemingly related to *dʰewh₂- (“(to emit) smoke, vapor, mist, haze”), with which there may be confusion in some descendants.

Root

*dʰwes-[1]

  1. to breathe (in or out)
  2. breath
  3. spirit, soul > creature
  4. dust > dusty, murky color[2]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwes- (7 c, 0 e)
  • *dʰews-óm
    • Proto-Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰews-ós
    • Proto-Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰows-o-s
  • *dʰwés-(e)-ti
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwéstei[7]
      • Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”)
      • Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”)
  • >? *dʰus- (zero-grade root present)[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic:
        • Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”)
  • >? *dʰus-yé-ti[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: dust
      • >? Proto-Slavic: *duxati (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰus-yós
    • Proto-Celtic: *dusyos (“demon, spirit”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *dʰus-h₁yé-ti[1]
    • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: dusêt
      • Lithuanian: dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob”); ? dusė́ti (“to cough”)
      • >? Proto-Slavic: *dyšàti (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *dʰwēs-
    • >? Proto-Italic: (initial *f expected)
      • Latin: bēstia (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”)[8]
    • Proto-Germanic: *duskaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Latin: fuscus (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-wós (“dark, black, brown”)[2]
  • Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-nos
    • Proto-Celtic: *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *dusnaz (“brownish; brown; yellow”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰu̯es- ‘(ein-, aus-)atmen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 160
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “furvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dȗxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124
  4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dausos”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117–118
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dūxàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124
  6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dausios”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
  7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dvėsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 149
  8. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fuscus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
  9. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dvoxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 128
  10. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dvėselė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 149
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