Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stáHnam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-no-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”) +‎ *-om (deverbal suffix).

*stáHnam n

1. the act of standing
2. position, location, place

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰáHnam
  • Sanskrit: स्थान (sthā́na)
    • Dardic:
      • Dameli: ثان (thān)
      • Gawar-Bati: ٹھَن (ṭhan)
      • Kalasha: thon
      • Kashmiri: تھانہٕ (thānụ, “police station”), تھَانَ (“dwelling place”)
      • Khowar: تھَن (than, “body”)
      • Northeast Pashayi: (tān)
      • Northwest Pashayi: (thān)
      • ⇒ Shumashti: (šāṛie-thōone)
      • Tirahi: (thān)
    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Dhivehi: ތަން (tan̊)
        • Sinhalese: තන (tana)
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
        • Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
        • Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
        • Early Assamese: থান (thano)
          • Assamese: থান (than), ঠান (than, “shape”), থানা (thana, “police station”)
          • Bengali: থান (than), থানা (thana, “police station, post”), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi)
          • Odia: ଠାଣା (ṭhāṇā, “post”), ଠଣା (ṭhaṇā, “residence”)
    • Pali: ṭhāna
      • → Burmese: ဌာန (htana., “place”)
      • → Khmer: ឋាន (thaan, “place”), ដ្ឋាន (thaan) (as suffix)
      • → Tamil: தானி (tāṉi)
      • → Thai: ฐาน (tǎan, “place, evidence; because”)
      • → Lao: ຖານ (thān, “place, evidence; because”)
    • Western:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
        • Garhwali: थान (thān)
        • Gujarati: ઠાણ (ṭhāṇ), થાણું (thāṇũ, “police station”)
        • Hindustani:

          Hindi: थान (thān), थाना (thānā, “police station”)

          Urdu: تھان (thān), تھانہ (thānā, “police station”)

        • Kumaoni: थाणो (thāṇo, “police station”)
        • Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
        • Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
        • Nepali: थानु (thānu), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
        • Punjabi: ਥਾਣ (thāṇ), ਥਾਣਾ (thāṇā, “police station”)
        • Romani: than
        • Sindhi: थाणो (ṭhāṇo), ठाणु (ṭhāṇu, “stall in a stable”)
        • Romani: than
        • Vlax Romani: tan
        • Welsh Romani: than
    • → Hindustani:

      Hindi: स्थान (sthān)

      Urdu: ستھان (sthān)

    • → Bengali: স্থান (sthan)
    • → Kannada: ಸ್ಥಾನ (sthāna)
    • → Lao: ສະຖານ (sa thān)
    • → Lü: ᦉᦏᦱᧃ (ṡṫhaan), ᦏᦱᧃᧉ (ṫhaan²)
    • → Malayalam: സ്ഥാനം (sthānaṁ)
    • → Marathi: स्थान (sthān)
    • → Telugu: స్థానము (sthānamu), స్థానం (sthānaṁ)
    • → Thai: สถาน (sà-tǎan), สถานะ (sà-tǎa-ná)
• Proto-Iranian: *stáHnam
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/)
      • Middle Persian:

        Manichaean script: (-ystʾʾn /⁠-estān⁠/)

        Book Pahlavi script: (-stʾn' /⁠-estān⁠/)

        • Persian: ـِسْتَان (-estân)
        • Tajik: -истон (-iston)
• Proto-Nuristani: *tā́na (possibly a loanword from Indo-Aryan given the loss of *s)
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: tõ

      Kativiri: tā

  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: tana
    • Waigali: tān